AP 108 Spatial Disorientation Flashcards
Unrecognized SD (Type I)
Recognized SD (Type II)
Incapacitating SD (Type III)
Type I: Most dangerous
Type II: Least dangerous
Type III: Rarely experienced, but dangerous
List the four sensory systems enabling you to maintain orientation, equilibrium, and balance
- Visual
- Vestibular
- Somatosensory
- Auditory
The system primarily used for orientation is the ____ system. In the absence of ____ cues, the _____ system becomes dominant
Visual; visual; vestibular
What is the primary means the visual system uses to collect orientation cues?
Peripheral vision
What are the vestibular systems two subsystems?
Semicircular canals and otolith organs
What detects angular accelerations and what illusion is it responsible for?
Semicircular canals; somatogyral
What detects linear accelerations and what illusion is it responsible for?
Otolith organs; somatogravic
What system is useless as an orientation system in the absence of visual cues?
Somatosensory
What is The Leans?
Set up by a roll rate below the threshold and then correcting with a roll in the opposite direction at a roll rate greater than threshold
What is The Graveyard Spin/Spiral?
When you correct for a spin or spiral and sense you have entered a spin in the opposite direction or are turning in the opposite direction
What is the Coriolis Illusion?
When you move your head out of a plane of motion and perceive a tumbling sensation
Somatogravic illusions result from the stimulation of which organs?
Otolith organs
How does the G-excess effect occur?
When your head is up or down while your aircraft is in a sustained turn
Nystagmus is caused by what?
The interconnection of the vestibular system with the visual system. It is a reflexive response of the eyes to stimulation of the semicircular canals or otolith organs.
True or False: Like all other vestibular illusions, the pitch-up illusion is increased when external visual cues are limited or absent.
True
