AP Bio 6 Quizlet

Question 1

A protein that interacts with cytoskeletal elements and other cell components, producing movement of the whole cell or parts of the cell.

Answer 1

motor proteins

Question 2

A structure present in the cytoplasm of animal cells that functions as a microtubule-organizing center and is important during cell division. It has two centrioles.

Answer 2

centrosome

Question 3

located in centrosome near nucleus and aids in cell division in animal cells only

Answer 3

centrioles

Question 4

whiplike tails found in one-celled organisms to aid in movement

Answer 4

flagella

Question 5

Hairlike projections that extend from the plasma membrane and are used for locomotion

Answer 5

cilia

Question 6

A protective layer external to the plasma membrane in plant cells, bacteria, fungi, and some protists; protects the cell and helps maintain its shape.

Answer 6

cell wall

Question 7

The meshwork surrounding animal cells, consisting of glycoproteins, polysaccharides, and proteoglycans synthesized and secreted by the cells and provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells.

Answer 7

extracellular matrix

Question 8

organelle containing enzymes that break down hydrogen peroxide made by some cells as a metabolic byproduct

Answer 8

peroxisome

Question 9

the membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells

Answer 9

organelles

Question 10

semifluid, jellylike substance of the cytoplasm in which subcellular components are suspended

Answer 10

cytosol

Question 11

cell that has a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles

Answer 11

eukaryotic cell

Question 12

cell that does not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.

Answer 12

prokaryotic cell

Question 13

A selectively-permeable phospholipid bilayer forming the boundary of the cells

Answer 13

plasma membrane

Question 13

A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended

Answer 13

cytoplasm

Question 14

A non-membrane-bounded region in a prokaryotic cell where the chromosome/ DNA is concentrated.

Answer 14

nucleoid

Question 15

Control center of the cell; in a eukaryote contains the genetic material

Answer 15

nucleus

Question 16

A double membrane that surrounds the nucleus in the eukaryotic cell

Answer 16

nuclear envelope

Question 17

A netlike array of protein filaments lining the inner surface of the nuclear envelope; it helps maintain the shape of the nucleus.

Answer 17

nuclear lamina

Question 18

The complex of DNA and proteins that makes up eukaryotic chromosomes. When the cell is not dividing, chromatin exists in its dispersed form, as a mass of very long, thin fibers

Answer 18

chromatin

Question 18

threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes

Answer 18

chromosomes

Question 19

site in nucleus where rRNA synthesis and ribosomal subunit assembly occur

Answer 19

nucleolus

Question 20

A complex of rRNA and protein molecules that functions as a site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm

Answer 20

ribosomes

Question 21

A membranous sac in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell.

Answer 21

vesicle

Question 22

An extensive membranous network in eukaryotic cells, continuous with the outer nuclear membrane and composed of ribosome-studded (rough) and ribosome-free (smooth) regions.

Answer 22

endoplasmic reticula

Question 22

That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes. Makes lipids and detoxifies substances.

Answer 22

smooth ER

Question 23

a small membranous sac in a eukaryotic cell's cytoplasm carrying molecules produced by the cell

Answer 23

transport vesicles

Question 24

ER that is dotted with ribosomes; makes proteins to be secreted by cell or become part of the plasma membrane

Answer 24

rough ER

Question 25

organelle consisting of sacs that package, modify, store, and route products of the ER

Answer 25

Golgi apparatus

Question 26

A membrane-enclosed sac of digestive/hydrolytic enzymes that break down wastes, food, worn-out organelles, and other substances.

Answer 26

lysosome

Question 27

A membrane-bounded vesicle whose specialized function varies in different kinds of cells.

Answer 27

vacuoles

Question 28

A membranous sac formed by phagocytosis of microorganisms or particles to be used as food by the cell

Answer 28

food vacuoles

Question 29

A membranous sac that helps move excess water out of the cell.

Answer 29

contractile vacuole

Question 29

Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production; is the site of cellular respiration

Answer 29

mitochondrion

Question 30

in a mature plant cell, a large membranous sac with diverse roles in growth, storage, and sequestration of toxic substances

Answer 30

central vacuole

Question 31

organelle found in plants and photosynthetic protists that absorbs sunlight to synthesize organic compounds in the process of photosynthesis

Answer 31

chloroplast

Question 32

The theory that mitochondria and plastids, including chloroplasts, originated as prokaryotic cells engulfed by an ancestral eukaryotic cell. The engulfed cell and its host cell then evolved into a single organism.

Answer 32

endosymbiont theory

Question 33

A group of membrane‐bound organelles commonly found in photosynthetic organisms and mainly responsible for the synthesis and storage of food.

Answer 33

plastids

Question 34

A network of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments that branch throughout the cytoplasm and serve a variety of mechanical, signaling, and transport functions.

Answer 34

cytoskeleton

Question 35

A network of membranes inside and around a eukaryotic cell, related either through direct physical contact or by the transfer of membranous vesicles.

Answer 35

endomembrane system