AP Bio Chapter 4 Flashcards
cell
smallest unit of living matter
cell theory
1) composed of cells
2) cells are basic unit of function of living things
3) come from existing cells
cell size
most efficient surface area to volume
prokaryotic
no membrane enclosed DNA- no nucleus
Eukaryotic
has nucleus
archeans
similar but different to eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
bacteria
prokaryotic
spirrilla
rigid spiral shape
spirochetes
flexible spiral shape
bacillus
rod shape
coccus
sphere shape
cell envelope
bacteria; cell wall, cell membrane and glycocalyx
cell wall
in bacteria made of peptiglycan helps maintain shape
glycocalyx
sugar capsule
plasma membrane
phosopholipid bi-layer with embedded proteins
cytoplasm
semi fluid containing organelles (both cells)
nucleoid
region where DNA is located (PRO)
Plasmids
extra chromosomal pieces of circular DNA (PRO)
Mesosome
pockets in cell membrane- extra surface area (PRO)
ribosomes
produce protiens (BOTH)
cynobacteria
can do photosynthesis
vector
transport DNA into different cells
Inclusion body
stored nutrients for later use (PRO)