ap bio final review

Question 1

three subatomic particles and their significance

Answer 1

protons=found in nucleus, electrons=found in electron shells around the nucleus and determines the chemical properties and reactivity of the element, neutrons=found in the nucleus and their # can vary in a given element resulting in isotopes

Question 2

chemical bonds

Answer 2

are interactions between the valence electrons of different atoms. atoms are held together by chemical bonds to form molecules

Question 3

covalent bond

Answer 3

occurs when valence electrons are shared by two atoms

Question 4

nonpolar covalent bond

Answer 4

occurs when electrons being shared are shared equally between the two atoms (ex: O=O, H-H)

Question 5

polar covalent bond

Answer 5

one atom has greater electronegativity that the other, resulting in an unequal sharing of the electrons

Question 6

ionic bonds

Answer 6

are chemical bonds resulting from the attraction between oppsitely chared ions (ex: table salt)

Question 7

hydrogen bonds

Answer 7

are relatively weak bonds that form between the partial positively charged hydrogen atom of one molecule and the strongly electronegative oxygen or nitrogen of another molecule