AP bio midterm 1/4

Question 1

Which of the following statements is false?

Answer 1

Virtually all organisms require the same elements in the same quantities

Question 2

What factors are most important in determining which elements are most common is living matter?

Answer 2

both the relative abundances of the elements and the emergent properties of the compounds made from these elements

Question 3

If a salamander relied on hydrogen bonds to cling to surfaces, what type of surface would cause the most problems for this animal?

Answer 3

a surface made with carbon and hydrogen bonds to cling to surfaces, what type of surface would cause the most problems for this animal

Question 4

Which bond or interaction would be difficult to disrupt when compounds are put into water?

Answer 4

covalent bond

Question 5

Which of the following explains most specifically the attraction of water molecules to one another?

Answer 5

hydrogen bond

Question 6

A group of molecular biologist is trying to synthesize a new artificial compound to mimic the affects of a known hormone that influences sexual behavior. They have turned to you for advice. Which of the following compounds of the hormone?

Answer 6

A compound with the same three-dimension

Question 7

The illustration above shows a representation of formic acid. A formic acid molecule…

Answer 7

will form hydrogen bonds with water molecules

Question 8

In a single molecule of water, two hydrogen atoms are bonded to a single oxygen atom by

Answer 8

polar covalent bonds

Question 9

The slight negative charge at the end of one water molecule is attracted to the slight positive charge of another water molecule

Answer 9

a hydrogen bonds

Question 10

molecule of water occurs because

Answer 10

the electrons shared between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms spend more time around the oxygen nucleus than around the hydrogen atom nucleus

Question 11

Water molecules are able to form hydrogen bonds with

Answer 11

compounds that have polar covalent bonds

Question 12

Which of the following effects is produced by the high surface tension of water

Answer 12

A water strider can walk across the surface of a small pond

Question 13

Which of the following take place as an ice cube cools a drink

Answer 13

kinetic energy in the drink decreases

Question 14

Temperature usually increases when water condenses. Which of the behavior of water is most directly responsible for this phenomenon?

Answer 14

The release of by the formation of hydrogen bonds

Question 15

Why does ice float in liquid water

Answer 15

a hydrogen bonds stabilize and keep the molecules of ice father apart than the water molecules of liquid water

Question 16

When an ionic compound such as Sodium chloride (NaCl) is placed in water, the component atoms of the NaCl crystal dissociate into individual sodium ions (Na+) and chloride ions (Cl-). In contrast, the atoms of covalently bonded molecules do not generally dissociate when places in aqueous solution. Which of the following solutions would be expected to contain the greatest number of solute particles?

Answer 16

1 literal of 1.0M NaCl

Question 17

Based on your knowledge of the polarity of water molecules, the solute molecule depicted here is most likely

Answer 17

positively charged

Question 18

Which of these molecules would be soluble in water

Answer 18

the one with OH O HO HO OH OH

Question 19

Differences among organisms are caused by

Answer 19

large differences in elemental composition from organism to organism

Question 20

A carbon skeleton is covalently bonded to both an amino group and a carboxyl group. When placed in water it

Answer 20

would function as neither an acid nor base

Question 21

Humans and mice differ because

Answer 21

their cell have some differences in the sequence of nucleotides in their nucleic acids

Question 22

Molecules with which functional groups may form polymers via dehydration reactions?

Answer 22

either hydroxyl or carboxyl groups

Question 23

In animal metabolism, mist of thre monomers released by digestion of food macromolecules are metabolized to provide energy. Only a small portion of there monomers are used for synthesis of new macromolecules. The nest result is that.

Answer 23

water is consumed by animal metabolism

Question 24

The molecular formula for glucose is C6H12O6. What would be the molecular formula for a molecule made by linking three glucose molecules together by dehydration reactions?

Answer 24

C18H32O16

Question 25

Polysaccharides, triacylglycerides, and proteins are similar in that they

Answer 25

are synthesized from subunits by dehydration reactions

Question 26

The R group or side chain of the amino acid serine is —CH2–OH. The R group or side chain of the amino acids leucine is —CH2–CH—(CH3)2. Where would you expect to find these amino acids in a globular protein in aqueous solution

Answer 26

Leucine would be in the interior, and serine would be on the exterior of the globular protein

Question 27

Changing a single amino acid in a protein consisting of 325 amino acids would

Answer 27

always alter the primary structure of the protein, sometimes alter the tertiary structure of the protein, and affect its biological activity.

Question 28

Normal hemoglobin is a tetrameter, consisting of two molecules of ß hemoglobin and two molecules of ∂ hemogloblun. In sickle-cell disease, as a result of a single amino acid change, the mutant hemogloblin tetrameteers associate with each other and assemble into large fibers. based on thid information alone, we can conclude that sickle-cell hemogloblin exibits

Answer 28

altered primary structure and altered quaternary structure; the secondary and tertiary structures may or may not be altered

Question 29

In a normal cellular protein, where would you expect to find a hydrophobic amino acid like valine?

Answer 29

in the interior of the folded protein, away from water, or in a transmembrane portion interacting with lipid fatty acid chains

Question 30

If cells are grown in a medium containing radioactive 35S, which of these molecules will be labeled?

Answer 30

proteins