AP Eng 3 Fall Semester Exam

Question 1

Allegory

Answer 1

Form of a metaphor; the meaning of a person, object, or action resides outside the story, the concrete is within the story. An allegory is a fictional work in which the characters represent ideas or concepts

Question 2

Alliteration

Answer 2

The repetition of consonant sounds.

Question 3

Analogy

Answer 3

Presents a resemblance to two things even though they are different

Question 4

Anaphora

Answer 4

The intention repetition of words or phrases at the beginning of each stanza, paragraph, sentence, etc.

Question 5

Antithesis

Answer 5

Strongly contrasting words

Question 6

Aphorism

Answer 6

A short witty statement

Question 7

Chiasmus

Answer 7

A statement consisting of two parallel parts in which the second part is structurally reversed.

Question 8

Concrete details

Answer 8

Details used in a persuasive paper which attempt to convince the reader: proof or evidence

Question 9

Diction

Answer 9

Word choice; denotation = dictionary definition; connotation = associated ideas, concepts, emotions the word suggests.

Question 10

Euphemism

Answer 10

A mild or pleasant sounding expression that substitutes for a harsh, indelicate, or simply less pleasant idea. (I.e.) the word ‘departed’ substitutes ‘dead’.

Question 11

Imagery

Answer 11

A mental picture conjured by specific words and associations, but there can be auditory and sensory concepts as well.

Question 12

Litote

Answer 12

Figure of thought in which a point is affirmed by negating its opposite. Ex. “He’s no fool” implies that he is wise

Question 13

Metaphor

Answer 13

Two unlike things are compared directly, without ‘like’ or ‘as’

Question 14

Metonymy

Answer 14

Figure of speech in which something is referred to by using the name of something that is associated with it. Ex. ‘Crown’ relates to royalty.

Question 15

Onomatopoeia

Answer 15

An effect created by words that have sounds that reinforce their meaning.

Question 17

Paradox

Answer 17

A contradiction that has a truth

Question 18

Parallelism

Answer 18

A literary technique that relies on the use of the same syntactical structures in a series in order to develop an argument or emphasize an idea.

Question 19

Polysyndeton

Answer 19

The deliberate use of multiple conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or verbs

Question 20

Syllogism

Answer 20

A form of deductive reasoning in which pieces of evidence are used to create a new conclusion. Ex. “All children are imaginative; Sam is a child; therefore Sam is imaginative.”

Question 21

Synecdoche

Answer 21

Using one part of an object to represent the entire object (Ex. Referring to a car as “wheels”)

Question 22

Synesthesia

Answer 22

the production of a sense impression relating to one sense or part of the body by stimulation of another sense or part of the body.

Question 23

Cause/Effect

Answer 23

Shows the reasons why things happen, and the effects of those causes

Question 24

Comparison/Contrast

Answer 24

Shows how subjects are alike/different

Question 25

Description

Answer 25

Takes a subject and describes it very well

Question 26

Definition

Answer 26

Defines a subject in a fuller or more extended manner

Question 27

Exposition

Answer 27

A writing meant to explain, inform, etc.

Question 28

Narrative

Answer 28

Tells a story or narrates an event

Question 29

Persuasion

Answer 29

Attempts to get the audience on the authors side

Question 30

Ethos

Answer 30

Appeals to ethical principles

Question 31

Logos

Answer 31

Appeals to reason or logic

Question 32

Pathos

Answer 32

Appeals to emotions

Question 33

Deductive reasoning

Answer 33

Reasoning from general to specific

Question 34

Inductive reasoning

Answer 34

Reasoning from specific to general

Question 35

Concession

Answer 35

Accepting that a part of the opposing sides argument may be true

Question 36

Refutation

Answer 36

Negation of an argument or opinion

Question 37

Ad hominem

Answer 37

Means "to the man"; an argument that attacks the opposing speaker or person rather than addressing the issues at hand

Question 38

Ad populum

Answer 38

Means "appeal to people"; a fallacy that an argument concludes to be true because most people believe it

Question 39

Ad misericordium

Answer 39

An appeal to pity; a fallacy that tries to exploit the opponent's feelings of pity or guilt

Question 40

Begging the question

Answer 40

A fallacy that omits the minor premise and goes directly to the conclusion

Question 41

Circular reasoning

Answer 41

A fallacy in which the reasoner begins with what they are trying to end with

Question 42

Either/or fallacy

Answer 42

A fallacy that omits at least one additional and valid option

Question 43

False analogy

Answer 43

A fallacy that assumes since two things are alike in one situation that they are alike in another respect

Question 44

Faulty cause (post hoc ergo propter hoc)

Answer 44

Indicates that a casual relationship has erroneously been assumed from a merely sequential one. ex. "Since event Y followed event X, event Y must have been caused by event X."

Question 45

Hasty generalization

Answer 45

A fallacy of faulty generalization by reaching an inductive generalization based on insufficient evidence

Question 46

Poisoning the well

Answer 46

Fallacy where irrelevant things information about a target is preemptively presented to the audience

Question 47

Absolutes (words/phrases)

Answer 47

Words :Words free from limitations or qualifications (best, all, etc.) Phrases: Has a subject, but no acting verb. Modifies a whole sentence.

Question 48

Antecedent

Answer 48

When pronouns refer back to the previous noun or pronoun in a sentence.

Question 49

Clauses

Answer 49

Any combination of subject or verb which makes a complete sentence. If the subject-verb combination expresses complete meaning, the clause is independent. If not, the clause is dependent.

Question 50

Subordinating conjunctions

Answer 50

A conjunction that introduces a subordinate clause, ex. Although, because, etc.

Question 51

Understatement

Answer 51

When the author assigns less significance to an event or thing than it deserves

Question 52

Formal diction

Answer 52

High leveled writing that creates an elevated tone without the use of slang, idioms, colloquialisms, and contractions.

Question 53

Semi-formal diction

Answer 53

Uses standard language and vocabulary and may use contractions.

Question 54

Informal diction

Answer 54

The language of everyday use; relaxed and conversational; may include slang, idioms, etc.

Question 55

Dialect

Answer 55

A form of a language that is peculiar to a specific group

Question 56

Didactic diction

Answer 56

Diction that is intended to teach, may have moral instruction

Question 57

Invective diction

Answer 57

Insulting and critical diction

Question 58

Irony

Answer 58

the expression of one's meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite

Question 59

Jargon

Answer 59

special words or expressions that are used by a particular profession or group and are difficult for others to understand.

Question 60

Pedantic

Answer 60

Bookish and scholarly in tone; often boring and dull due to little interest on the part of the listener

Question 61

Sarcasm

Answer 61

A bitter expression of disapproval; sometimes intended to be harsh and hurtful; levels of intensity exist

Question 62

Satire

Answer 62

To ridicule or mock ideas, people, events, or doctrines, or to make fun of human foibles or weaknesses. Ex. "Gulliver's Travels"

Question 63

Subjective

Answer 63

Expressing in a personal manner of your convictions, beliefs and ideas; a subjective response is likely to be emotional.

Question 64

Antagonist

Answer 64

The force against the protagonist, a person, nature of the person's psyche

Question 65

Artificial setting

Answer 65

Man-made settings

Question 66

Author's purpose

Answer 66

To persuade, inform, entertain, etc.

Question 67

Details

Answer 67

Specifically described items placed in a work for effect and meaning

Question 68

Language

Answer 68

The style of the sentence and the vocabulary used in conversation and written communication. Ex. Slang, formal, parental, didactic, common, etc.

Question 69

Point of view

Answer 69

The particular perspective from which a story is told.

Question 70

Rhetoric

Answer 70

The art and logic of a written or spoken argument.

Question 71

Rhetorical features

Answer 71

All of the parts of tone: diction, imagery, details, language, and sentence structure

Question 72

Rhetorical shift

Answer 72

Changing from one tone, attitude, or distance to another. Look for transitional words such as but, however, even though, although, yet, etc.

Question 73

Setting

Answer 73

The time and place in which the events in a work occur.

Question 74

Theme

Answer 74

The central idea of the work.

Question 75

Romanticism

Answer 75

a movement in the arts and literature that originated in the late 18th century, emphasizing inspiration, subjectivity, and the primacy of the individual.

Question 76

Transcendentalism

Answer 76

an idealistic philosophical and social movement that developed in New England around 1836 in reaction to rationalism. Influenced by romanticism, Platonism, and Kantian philosophy, it taught that divinity pervades all nature and humanity, and its members held progressive views on feminism and communal living. Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau were central figures.

Question 77

Puritanism

Answer 77

A religious reform movement in the 16th and 17th centuries in which Puritans sought to "purify" the Church of England.

Question 78

Rationalism

Answer 78

a belief or theory that opinions and actions should be based on reason and knowledge rather than on religious belief or emotional response.

Question 79

Nathaniel Hawthorne

Answer 79

A dark romantic who lived in Salem, Massachusetts. Famous works include "The Scarlett Letter"

Question 80

Frederick Douglass

Answer 80

A former slave born in Tuckahoe, Maryland wrote about the horrors and dark truth of slavery

Question 81

Ralph Waldo Emerson

Answer 81

An American essayist, whom led the transcendentalist movement in the 19th century; famous works include "Nature", "Beauty", "Commodity", and "Self-Reliance".

Question 82

Henry David Thoreau

Answer 82

An American essayist, also an abolitionist, who was a transcendentalist. Famous works include "Where I Lived and What I Lived For".

Question 83

Edgar Allen Poe

Answer 83

An American writer and critic, who is best known for his poetry. One of his famous works includes "The Fall on the House of Usher".

Question 84

Edward Abbey

Answer 84

An American modern romantic, who most wrote about the Western deserts. One of his famous works includes "The Serpents of Paradise".

Question 85

Carl Sagan

Answer 85

An American astronomer and science writer. He was controversial in his scientific, political and religious views on some issues. A famous work of his was "The Pale Blue Dot".

Question 86

Robert Finch

Answer 86

A nature writer living in Wellfleet, Massachusetts. He lives near Cape Cod and writes about it for 40 years. One of his famous works is "Very Like a Whale".