AP English Flashcards
(169 cards)
1
Q
Protestant
A
One who dissented from the teachings of the Catholic Church; a member of the European-wide Protestant movement that, beginning in the 16th century, rejected the authority of the Catholic Church and its clergy
2
Q
Protestant problems with the Catholic Church
A
Priests told congregation how to understand the Bible
—vernacular (common language) allowed readers their own interpretation
Catholic Church distracts from the Word of God
—stained glass, fancy priest dress, statues, decorations
—sola scriptura
Catholic Church allowed sinners to buy their way out of sin into heaven
Sinning clergy
—fathered children, lived extravagantly (hipocrisy)
3
Q
Sola Scriptura
A
Only the text of the Bible is the source of the Word of God, not the priest
4
Q
Indulgences
A
Practice of giving money to the church for the forgiveness of sin
5
Q
Puritans
A
Protestants believing the Church of England could be purified of Catholic influence
6
Q
Separatists
A
Protestants who believed that the Church of England would never be pure of its Catholic influence, these Protestants seperated themselves from the Church of England, and now we know them as the pilgrims
7
Q
Pilgrim colony
A
Separatist colony in Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1620
8
Q
Martin Luther
A
Founder of the Protestant faith in the 16th century
9
Q
95 Theses
A
The supposed list of the Catholic Church’s problems that Martin Luther nailed to the door
10
Q
A Protestant allegory
A
A symbolic story
11
Q
Providence
A
God does intervene in ordinary human affairs
12
Q
Predestination
A
God decides before birth if you will be saved and go to heaven or be condemned to the other place
13
Q
Plainness (the idea that…)
A
Nothing may interfere with the word of God
14
Q
Divine Mission
A
Idea that people can be sent on an errand/mission by God. The Protestants in America likened themselves to the persecuted Israelites moving to the holy land, guided by the hand of God.
15
Q
Total Depravity
A
Because of Original Sin, humankind is nothing. Our natures are corrupt. We cannot save ourselves.
16
Q
Unconditional Election
A
Only God can place someone in Heaven; There are no conditions that allow humans to earn their own spots.
17
Q
Limited Atonement
A
Jesus died ONLY for the already saved whom God has already chosen. This is evidence of God’s love for humanity
18
Q
Grace
A
Undeserved mercy given by God to depraved humans; grace cannot be earned or refused. The characteristic displayed by Puritans who were saved. They had Grace because they were saved
Irresistible Grace, given by God, like it or not
19
Q
William Bradford Background/Writing style
A
Before Winthrop, an original Dutch/Mayflower Pilgrim. Plaine style to tell the “simple truth in all things.” (Simple truth was an account of the actions of God’s chosen people, new Israelites, sent on a divine errand into the wilderness. Goal is the Xian Millenium; everything is a sign of God’s hand. Frequent application scripture to themselves. Second generation of Bradford’s settlement forgets its piety and becomes more focused on commerce
20
Q
“Jeremiad”
A
Primary type of Puritan writing based on the Bible’s prophetic books in which the writer presents and anguished call for a return to the lost purity of earlier times.
21
Q
Bradford’s “Of Plymouth Plantation”
A
His personal journal, an account revealing his determination to record the entire Pilgrim story—departure from Holland, voyage settlement—all dedicated to God’s place in history
22
Q
Plain(e) style (tells the …)
A
Tells the simple truth in all things as an account of the action’s of God’s chosen people sent on a divine errand into the wilderness
23
Q
The Age of Reason
A
The Enlightenment
24
Q
The Enlightenment time period
A
From 1680’s to the 1790’s. Begginings marked in Britain by the Glorious Revolution in 1688, repudiating Stuart autocracy amd ushering in religious toleration. End is linked to the realization of its ideals in the French and American revolutions.
25
Enlightenment’s natural universe
Not governed by a miraculous god, but by rational and scientific laws understandable through scientific method of experimentation and observation and through reason
26
The Enlightenment and God
Harmonious universe meant a good god, who gave humans reason to understand the workings of Creation. Deduced God existed through the constructed universe, not the Bible; from evidence, not revelation
27
Clock-maker God
God created the world and set it/all things in motion, then stepped back to watch
28
Human nature in the Enlightenment
Original sin dismissed, assumed humans were naturally good
29
Tabula Rasa
The mind was a “blank slate” that received sensations from the external world. The individual mind ordered that chaos into its own meaning for the world
30
Enlightenment’s principle guide to human conduct
Unassisted human reason
31
Reason
Enlightenment
The power of the mind to think, understand, and form judgements by a process of logic. Everything, including political and religious authority must be subject to a critique by reason.
32
Enlightenment’s “moral life”
By “happiness” the Enlightenment thinkers meant the new world of individualism and the legitimacy of self-interest. No Christian concept of the moral life; each individual pursued their own happiness and good life so long as in doing so they don’t interfere with others life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness
33
Descartes famous line
“Cogito ergo sum” (“I think, therefore, I am”) meant individual was the core of reality and the center of meaning and truth
34
Enlightenment and the gov.
Got rid of the idea of a divine right and divine hierarchy, but their power came from the people limiting their freedom to obey civil authority in return for public protection of their rights. Gov. did not dictate moral or religious truth
35
Deisim
Name given to the Enlightenment religion in which unprovable religious superstition is replaced by rational religion where God is the supreme intelligence/craftsman who made the universe based on defined laws. Anticlerical and suspicious of religious fanaticism and persecution.
36
Enlightenment is the intellectual and moral foundation for…
The revolutionary period in America.
37
Environment for Romanticism
Rise of Market Economy
Industrial Revolution beginning
—Dehumanizing and de-individualizing
Movement from agrarian to urban
Beginning of organized abolitionism, nation building, Indian removal
Rise in literacy and printing technology
British romanticism occurring from French Revolution.
38
The Romantic universe
Universe is mysterious, incomprehensible, a change from deistic view.
39
Romantic value of Individuality
What is special in a man is more valuable than the whole
40
Romantic Imagination (if God …)
If God creates nature and the human mind by imagining them, then if we have the ability to imagine and create, then are we…
41
Romantic Intuition means
Trusting that feeling you have inside
42
For Romantic’s, Nature was…
The source of inspiration and wisdom
43
Era interested in democracy and individual freedom (jacksonian democracy) and an interest in the past Greek and Roman, Norse and Celtic myth, and Gothic
Romanticism
44
Gothic style
Combines horror and romance, ghosts, haunted houses, isolated castles, vampires, werewolves, dark forests.
45
The supernatural in Romanticism (what makes it this)
Spectral figures, fairy worlds
46
Art in Romanticism (the…, …, …)
The grotesque, the picturesque, the beautiful
47
Neoclassic in Romanticism
Order, decorum, proportion
48
Romanticism’s view on perfection
Individual could be perfected, but not society
49
Oversoul
Emerson’s idea of the soul/spiritual force being in nature and the mind of man, all connected
50
Romanticisms philosophical change
From seeing the mind as the recipient of an already created universe to seeing the mind as the creator of the universe it perceives
51
The big I’s of Romaticicsm
Imagination, Intuition, Individual, Idealism
52
Concord, Massachusetts
The area where many Trancendentalist authors lived/met
53
Thoreau background
Born in Concord, knew Greek and Roman classics and sacred writings of Hinduism. Refused to be a schoolteacher by refusing to do corporal punishment
54
Transcendentalism background
Emerged from New England, reaction to the Enlightenment as a school of Romanticism, Emerson and his followers did not see “tabula rasa” and knowledge from the outside as sufficient enough.
55
Emerson’s Intuition
“The highest power of the Soul and is a power that never reasons, never proves, it simply perceives”
56
Fundamental Transcendentalist beliefs
Nature is good,
“organic” art (artsist should invent new forms),
Individual (who is beholden to no institute outside the self),
Intuition (which brought basic truths rather than the senses or reason),
Nature is symbolic (everything in it is sig. and symbolic of spirit),
and everyone can experience God first-hand.
57
Trancendentalist principle
Structure of the universe literally duplicated the structure of the individual self, and that all knowledge therefore begins with self-knowledge
58
Transcendentalist Effects
Helped individuals relate with the natural world and their own inner world
New standard for art in which conventions were abandoned
Encouraged individualism
59
Realism
An attempt to describe life as it is actually lived with honesty and without intrusions by the auther. Realist writers often wanted social change. The only way that society would understand social problems is through realistic portrayal.
60
4 Characteristics of Realist Writings
Analitycal Observation (writer doesn’t comment , people are treated as scientific subjects, unnamed)
Commonplace subjects (subject matter is ordinary, material comsidered immoral, serios treatment of ordinary life
Writer as a social critic (not only to entertain but find problems, causes, and solutions
Darwinism (survival of the fittest, Biblical criticism, death from Civil War)
61
Transcendentalism (held that …)
Held that every individual can reach ultimate truths through spiritual intuition, which transcends reason and sensory experience.
62
Classicism
Deriving from orderly qualities of ancient Greek and Roman culture; implies fromality, objectivity, simplicity, and restraint
63
Nihilism
The philosophy that human existence has no point. Belief in nothing, total rejection of religious or moral beliefs
64
Existentialism
Belief that humans must choose values and purposes for themselves
65
Existential Fears
We fear alienation, loneliness, and death because we are responsible
66
Soren Kierkegaard
Argued that the individual is responsible for giving his life meaning despite obstacles like alienation, loneliness, and fear of death
67
Impressionism
Major Western artistic style that gained prominence. Against Realism, visual impression of a moment, style that seeks to capture a feeling or experience, often very colorful
68
Civil War
The catastrophic death destroys the Romantic ideals and the individual
69
After this Romantiscism was dead
Civil War/WWI
70
Defining event of the Modernist era, Roaring 20s were a celebration of this events end
WWI
71
Charles Darwin
Wrote the Origin of Species, natural selection, social darwinism
72
The Red Badge of Courage
Realism
Stephen Crane
Chronicles the experience of a soldier in the Civil War. Title refers to a war wound.
73
Gertrude Stein’s remark, “the artist job is not to succomb to despair but to find an antidote.” characterizes what
Existentialism
74
Many Americans moved here in the first part of the 20th century
Paris
75
Sigmon Freud
Founder of psychotherapy who argued humans are controlled by unconscious forces like the Id, Ego, Superego
76
Determinism
Emerged from Realism, views humans as subject to interior forces like instinct or other drives that control our decisions despite our thinking we ahve control
77
Literary/historic movement charcterized by fractured narrative and feelings of isolation and despair
Modernism
78
The Lost Generation
Gertrude Stein’s name for the gen after/of WWI
79
“Of Plymouth Plantation”
Seperatist/Protestant
William Bradford
Personal journal (Has the doubtful man sick on the journey and the man tossed overboard but saved)
80
“A Model of Christian Charity”
Seperatist/Protestant
John Winthrop
A City Upon a Hill. Warning/guideline
81
“The Prologue”
Protestant
Anne Bradstreet
About social distinctions (gender)
82
“Here Follows Some Verses Upon the Burning of Our House”
Protestant
Anne Bradstreet
Possesions don’t matter because true gift for the elect is in heaven
83
Poor Richard
A yearly almanac by Franklin
84
“The Autobiography”
Enlightenment
Benjamin Franklin
About moral perfection
85
“What is an American”
Enlightenment
Crèvecoeur
About the ways of an American
86
“Rip Van Winkle”
Romanticism
Washington Irving
87
“The Raven”
Romanticism
Edgar Allen Poe
“Nevermore”
88
The Lake—To
Romantic
Edgar Allen Poe
Loneliness
89
Annabel Lee
Romantic
Edgar Allen Poe
90
Sonnet to Science
Romanticism
Edgar Allen Poe
91
The Fall of the House of Usher
Romantic
Edgar Allen Poe
Artists in danger due to opening themselves to influences, Veggietable sentience
92
“Nature”
Transcendentalist
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Transparent eyeball, nature is beauty, creation of beauty is art
93
Walden
Transcendentalist
Henry David Thoreau
Simplicity, public opinion is weak
94
Civil Disobedience
Henry David Thoreau
95
Ethan Brand
Nathaniel Hawthorne
Warning about isolation
96
Thanatopsis
Bryant
Meditation on Death
97
Melville’s general views
98
Chickamagua
Realism
Ambrose Bierce
Small child surrounded by the Civil War
99
To Build a Fire
Realism
Jack London
There is no force to save you
100
The Open Boat
Realism
Stephen Crane
Survival is theough fellowship
101
Maggie: A Girl of the Streets
Realism
Stephen Crane
Poor conditions of urban life
102
The Unknown Citizen
Modernism
W.H. Auden
Conformity
103
September 1, 1939
Modernism
W.H. Auden
Humans are small
104
A Clean, Well-Lighted Place
Modernism
Hemingway
Insomnia
105
The Hollow Men
Modernism
T.S. Eliot
Falls the shadow, the hope only of empty men
106
Miniver Cheevy
E.A. Robinson
Wishes to be in another time
107
Richard Cory
E.A. Robinson
Seems happy, then kills himself
108
Self-Reliance
Emerson
109
"All great and honorable actions are accompanied with great difficulties, and must be both met and overcome with answerable courage."
"Of Plymouth Plantation"
110
"But it pleased God, before they came half seas over, to smite the young man with a grievous disease, of which he died in a desperate manner, and so was himself the first to be thrown overboard."
"Of Plymouth Plantation"
111
"For this end, we must be knit together in this work as one man, we must entertain each other in brotherly affection, we must be willing to abridge our selves of our superfluities for the supply of others' necessities. We must uphold a familiar commerce together in all meekness, gentleness, patience and liberality. We must delight in each other, make others' conditions our own, rejoice together, mourn together, labor, and suffer together, always having before our eyes our commission and community in the work, our community as members of the same body. So shall we keep the unity of the spirit in the bond of peace, the Lord will be our God and delight to dwell among us, as His own people and will command a blessing upon us in all our ways, so that we shall see much more of His wisdom, power, goodness, and truth then formerly we have been acquainted with."
"A Model of Christian Charity"
112
"For we must consider that we shall be as a city upon a hill. The eyes of all people are upon us."
"A Model of Christian Charity"
113
And oh ye high flown quills that soar the skies,
And ever with your prey still catch your praise,
If e'er you deign these lowly lines your eyes,
Give thyme or Parsley wreath, I ask no Bays.
This mean and unrefined ore of mine
Will make your glist'ring gold but more to shine."
"The Prologue"
114
"To sing of Wars, of Captains, and of Kings,
Of Cities founded, Common-wealths begun,
For my mean Pen are too superior things;
Or how they all, or each their dates have run,
Let Poets and Historians set these forth.
My obscure lines shall not so dim their worth.
"The Prologue"
115
"The flame consume my dwelling place.
And when I could no longer look,
I blest His name that gave and took,
That laid my goods now in the dust. "
"Some Verses Upon the Burning of Our House"
116
"There's wealth enough, I need no more,
Farewell, my pelf, farewell, my store.
The world no longer let me love,
My hope and treasure lies above. "
"Some Verses Upon the Burning of Our House"
117
"If ever two were one, then surely we.
If ever man were loved by wife, then thee."
"To My Dear and Loving Husband"
118
"I prize thy love more than whole mines of gold,
Or all the riches that the East doth hold.
My love is such that rivers cannot quench,
Nor ought but love from thee give recompense."
"To My Dear and Loving Husband"
119
"But on the whole, tho' I never arrived at the Perfection I had been so ambitious of obtaining, but fell short of it, yet I was by the Endeavor made a better and happier Man than I otherwise should have been, if I had not attempted it; As those who aim at perfect Writing by imitating the engraved Copies, tho' they never reach the wish'd for Excellence of those Copies, their Hand is mended by the Endeavor, and is tolerable while it continues fair and legible"
Franklin's Autobiography [Part 2]
120
"In reality, there is, perhaps, no one of our natural passions so hard to subdue as pride. Disguise it, struggle with it, beat it down, stifle it, mortify it as much as one pleases, it is still alive, and will every now and then peep out and show itself; you will see it, perhaps, often in this history; for, even if I could conceive that I had compleatly overcome it, I should probably be proud of my humility."
Franklin's Autobiography [Part 2]
121
"What then is the American, this new man? He is either a European or a descendant of a European; hence that strange mixture of blood, which you will find in no other country. I could point out to you a family whose grandfather was an Englishman, whose wife was Dutch, whose son married a French woman, and whose present four sons have now four wives of different nations. He is an American who, leaving behind him all his ancient prejudices and manners, receives new ones from the new mode of life he has embraced, the new government he obeys, the new rank he holds."
"What is an American?" Essay
122
"Idleness is the most heinous sin that can be committed in Nantucket: an idle man would soon be pointed out as an object of compassion: for idleness is considered as another word for want and hunger."
"What is an American?" Essay
123
"A tart temper never mellows with age, and a sharp tongue is the only edged tool that grows keener with constant use."
"Rip Van Winkle"
124
"His historical researches, however, did not lie so much among books as among men; for the former are lamentably scanty on his favorite topics; whereas he found the old burghers, and still more their wives, rich in that legendary lore, so invaluable to true history. Whenever, therefore, he happened upon a genuine Dutch family, snugly shut up in its low-roofed farmhouse, under a spreading sycamore, he looked upon it as a little clasped volume of black-letter,' and studied it with the zeal of a book-worm."
"Rip Van Winkle"
125
"In their last sleep—the dead reign there alone."
"Thanatopsis"
126
The speechless babe, and the gray-headed man—
Shall one by one be gathered to thy side,
By those, who in their turn shall follow them.
"Thanatopsis"
127
"Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary,
Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore—"
The Raven
128
"But the fact is I was napping, and so gently you came rapping,
And so faintly you came tapping, tapping at my chamber door,
That I scarce was sure I heard you"—here I opened wide the door;—
Darkness there and nothing more."
The Raven
129
"Death was in that poisonous wave,
And in its gulf a fitting grave
For him who thence could solace bring
To his lone imagining—
Whose solitary soul could make
An Eden of that dim lake."
The Lake—To
130
"Murmuring in melody—
Then—ah then I would awake
To the terror of the lone lake."
The Lake—To
131
"It was many and many a year ago,
In a kingdom by the sea,
That a maiden there lived whom you may know
By the name of Annabel Lee; "
Annabel Lee
132
"And so, all the night-tide, I lie down by the side
Of my darling—my darling—my life and my bride,
In her sepulchre there by the sea—
In her tomb by the sounding sea."
Annabel Lee
133
"Science! true daughter of Old Time thou art!"
Sonnet—To Science
134
"Hast thou not dragged Diana from her car,
And driven the Hamadryad from the wood"
Sonnet—To Science
135
"I know not how it was — but, with the first glimpse of the building, a sense of insufferable gloom pervaded my spirit. I say insufferable; for the feeling was unrelieved by any of that half-pleasurable, because poetic, sentiment, with which the mind usually receives even the sternest natural images of the desolate or terrible."
"The Fall of the House of Usher"
136
"Do I not distinguish that heavy and horrible beating of her heart? Madman!'—here he sprang furiously to his feet, and shrieked out his syllables, as if in the effort he were giving up his soul—'Madman! I tell you that she now stands without the door!' "
"The Fall of the House of Usher"
137
Every spirit builds itself a house; and beyond its house a world; and beyond its world, a heaven. Know then, that the world exists for you. For you is the phenomenon perfect. What we are, that only can we see. All that Adam had, all that Caesar could, you have and can do. Adam called his house, heaven and earth; Caesar called his house, Rome; you perhaps call yours, a cobler's trade; a hundred acres of ploughed land; or a scholar's garret. Yet line for line and point for point, your dominion is as great as theirs, though without fine names. Build, therefore, your own world."
"Nature"
138
"The health of the eye seems to demand a horizon. We are never tired, so long as we can see far enough."
"Nature"
139
What I must do, is all that concerns me, not what the people think. This rule, equally arduous in actual and in intellectual life, may serve for the whole distinction between greatness and meanness. It is the harder, because you will always find those who think they know what is your duty better than you know it. It is easy in the world to live after the world's opinion; it is easy in solitude to live after our own; but the great man is he who in the midst of the crowd keeps with perfect sweetness the independence of solitude."
"Self-Reliance"
140
"My life is not an apology, but a life. It is for itself and not for a spectacle. I much prefer that it should be of a lower strain, so it be genuine and equal, than that it should be glittering and unsteady."
"Self-Reliance"
141
"I learned this, at least, by my experiment: that if one advances confidently in the direction of his dreams, and endeavors to live the life which he has imagined, he will meet with a success unexpected in common hours."
Walden
142
"The mass of men lead lives of quiet desperation. What is called resignation is confirmed desperation."
Walden
143
"With Heaven above and Faith below, I will yet stand firm against the Devil!"
"Young Goodman Brown"
144
"By the sympathy of your human hearts for sin ye shall scent out all the places—whether in church, bedchamber, street, field, or forest—where crime has been committed, and shall exult to behold the whole earth one stain of guilt, one mighty blood spot.
"Young Goodman Brown"
145
"Laughter, when out of place, mistimed, or bursting forth from a disordered state of feeling, may be the most terrible modulation of the human voice."
"Ethan Brand"
146
"Thus Ethan Brand become a fiend. He began to be so from the moment that his moral nature had ceased to keep the pace of improvement with his intellect. And now, as his highest effort and inevitable development -- as the bright and gorgeous flower, and rich, delicious fruit of his life's labor -- he had produced the Unpardonable Sin!"
147
" As he gazed around him the youth felt a flash of astonishment at the blue, pure sky and the sun gleamings on the trees and fields. It was surprising that Nature had gone tranquilly on with her golden process in the midst of so much devilment."
The Red Badge of Courage
148
"They were going to look at war, the red
animal--war, the blood-swollen god."
The Red Badge of Courage
149
"It was happy in a new sense of freedom from control, happy in the opportunity of exploration and adventure; for this child's spirit, in bodies of its ancestors, had for thousands of years been trained to memorable feats of discovery and conquest— victories in battles whose critical moments were centuries, whose victors' camps were cities of hewn stone."
Chickamauga
150
"Advancing from the bank of the creek he suddenly found himself confronted with a new and more formidable enemy: in the path that he was following, sat, bolt upright, with ears erect and paws suspended before it, a rabbit!"
Chickamauga
151
"Life is not a matter of holding good cards, but sometimes playing a poor hand well."
"To Build a Fire"
152
"The trouble with him was that he was without imagination. He was quick and alert in the things of life, but only in the things, and not in the significances. Fifty degrees below zero meant eighty-odd degrees of frost."
"To Build a Fire"
153
"When it occurs to a man that nature does not regard him as important, and that she feels she would not maim the universe by disposing of him, he at first wishes to throw bricks at the temple, and he hates deeply the fact that there are no bricks and no temples."
"The Open Boat"
154
"If I am going to be drowned-- if I am going to be drowned--if I am going to be drowned, why, in the name of the seven mad gods who rule the sea, was I allowed to come thus far and contemplate sand and trees? Was I brought here merely to have my nose dragged away as I was about to nibble the sacred cheese of life? It is preposterous. If this old ninny-woman, Fate, cannot do better than this, she should be deprived of the management of men's fortunes. She is an old hen who knows not her intention. If she has decided to drown me, why did she not do it in the beginning and save me all this trouble? The whole affair is absurd...."
"The Open Boat"
155
“The girl, Maggie, blossomed in a mud puddle ... None of the dirt of Rum Alley seemed to be in her veins."
"Maggie: Girl of the Streets"
156
"She thinks my name is Freddie, you know, but of course it ain't. I
always tell these people some name like that, because if they got onto
your right name they might use it sometime. Understand?"
"Maggie: Girl of the Streets"
157
"Miniver Cheevy, child of scorn,
Grew lean while he assailed the seasons;
He wept that he was ever born,
And he had reasons."
"Miniver Cheevy"
158
"Miniver Cheevy, born too late,
Scratched his head and kept on thinking;
Miniver coughed, and called it fate,
And kept on drinking."
"Miniver Cheevy"
159
"And he was rich—yes, richer than a king—
And admirably schooled in every grace:
In fine, we thought that he was everything
To make us wish that we were in his place."
"Richard Cory"
160
"So on we worked, and waited for the light,
And went without the meat, and cursed the bread;
And Richard Cory, one calm summer night,
Went home and put a bullet through his head."
"Richard Cory"
161
"He was found by the Bureau of Statistics to be
One against whom there was no official complaint,
And all the reports on his conduct agree
That, in the modern sense of an old-fashioned word, he was a saint,
For in everything he did he served the Greater Community."
"The Unknown Citizen"
162
"Was he free? Was he happy? The question is absurd:
Had anything been wrong, we should certainly have heard."
"The Unknown Citizen"
163
"Into this neutral air
Where blind skyscrapers use
Their full height to proclaim
The strength of Collective Man,
Each language pours its vain
Competitive excuse:
But who can live for long
In an euphoric dream;
Out of the mirror they stare,
Imperialism's face
And the international wrong."
"September 1, 1939
164
"Defenceless under the night
Our world in stupor lies;
Yet, dotted everywhere,
Ironic points of light
Flash out wherever the Just
Exchange their messages:
May I, composed like them
Of Eros and of dust,
Beleaguered by the same
Negation and despair,
Show an affirming flame."
"September 1, 1939”
165
"He would lie in the bed and finally, with daylight, he would go to sleep. After all, he said to himself, it is probably only insomnia. Many must have it."
"A Clean, Well-Lighted Place"
166
"Our nada who art in nada, nada be thy name thy kingdom nada thy will be nada in nada as it is in nada. Give us this nada our daily nada and nada us our nada as we nada our nadas and nada us not into nada but deliver us from nada; pues nada. Hail nothing full of nothing, nothing is with thee."
"A Clean, Well-Lighted Place"
167
"This is the way the world ends
This is the way the world ends
This is the way the world ends
Not with a bang but a whimper."
"The Hollow Men"
168
"Those who have crossed
With direct eyes, to death's other
Kingdom
Remember us -- if at all -- not as lost
Violent souls, but only
As the hollow men
The stuffed men."
"The Hollow Men"
169
Nature’s symbolism for Transcendentalists
Everything in it is significant and symbolic of the spirit
