AP EURO (ch. 20-24) Flashcards

Question

Charles X

Answer 1

The Brother of Louis XVIII; Inherited the French throne and re-established the old order with absolute rule; Suspended the legislature and votes

Answer 2

gained support because of his name vision of national unity vaguely understood by everyone thought that the government should represent the people 1851: illegally dismisses the assembly (coup d’ etat)

Answer 3

Viennese neurologist who originated psychoanalysis; Said that human behavior is irrational; behavior is the outcome of conflict between the id (irrational unconscious driven by sexual, aggressive, and pleasure-seeking desires) and ego (rationalizing conscious, what one can do) and superego (ingrained moral values, what one should do).

Answer 4

Most influential of all nineteenth century evolutionary thinkers Formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection Origin of Species The Descent of Man

Answer 5

Effectively discredited the long standing view that the earth’s surface had been formed by short lived cataclysms, such as biblical floods and earthquakes Principle of uniformitarianism The same geological processes that are at work today slowly formed the earth’s surface over an immensely long time

Answer 6

1862: wants to raise taxes to increase defense budget Gets rejected by Parliament turns to Otto von Bismarck to help collect the tax

Answer 7

Led Sardinia (1850-1861) Had limited/realistic rational goals wanted to unite northern Italy and maybe central Italy Achieved his goal later on Tried to drive Austria out of Italy Defeats Austria with the help of Napoleon & France Napoleon goes back and makes Austria only give up Lombardi Cavour then resigns and returns in 1860 after regaining Napoleon’s support Liberal constitutional state

Answer 8

“Napoleon III” Successful because: Louis Napoleon had the great name of his uncle (Napoleon Bonaparte) As Karl Marx stressed during the time, middle class and peasant property owners feared the socialist challenge of urban workers, and they wanted a tough ruler to provide protection. In late 1848 Louis Napoleon had a positive “program” for France, which had been elaborated in widely circulated pamphlets before the election and which guided him through his long reign.

Answer 9

Emerged in 1860 as an independent force in Italian politics Unsatisfied with just the northern Italian state Planned to liberate the kingdom of the Two Sicilies Red Shirts Used Cavour Radicalism and popular appeal

Answer 10

Master of politics Power-hungry 1862: Declared that the government would rule without Parliament Pushes for taxes to expand military budget ignores Parliament “might makes right”

Answer 11

Russia military disaster forced him to make social changes and modernization 1861: freeing of serfs 1864: government established new local governments (zemstvo) 1881: assassinated by anarchist terrorists

Answer 12

Ottoman governor in Egypt

Answer 13

Plunged France into financial crisis and pushed the state to attempt a reform of the tax system.

Answer 14

Was disastrously expensive ^ Above conflict reemerged Government tried to maintain emergency taxes after the war ended to make up for the money that was lost. Parliament of Paris protested and even challenged the basis of royal authority, claiming that the king's power had to be limited to protect liberty. Government caved in and the taxes were withdrawn.

Answer 15

Had immediate origin in struggles over taxation like French Revolution. French officers who served in America were inspired by the experience.

Answer 16

Written by Abbé de Sieyes Vigorously condemned the system of privilege that lay at the heart of French society Rejected the entire system of legal and social inequality Galvanized public opinion and played an important role in convincing representatives of the third estate to proclaim themselves a "National Assembly" in June 1789.

Answer 17

Economic hardship gripped the common people; poor grain harvest, price of bread soared, riots happened, people thrown out of work, etc. People of Paris entered decisively into a revolutionary stage Occurred on the morning of July 14, 1789 People marched in on search of weapons and gunpowder Governor of fortress refused to hand over the weapons and the guards killed 98 people who attempted to enter. Prison eventually surrendered Governor of prison later hacked to death... Ouch The uprising obstructed the king's attempt to reassert his authority

Answer 18

Written by Olympe de Gouges Was a direct challenge to revolutionaries to respect the ideals of the great 1789 declaration. “Woman is born free and remains equal to man in rights.” Further demanded that both sexes be “equally admissible to all public dignities, offices, and employments, according to their ability, and with no other distinction than their virtues and talents. “ Basically women’s rights !

Answer 19

Agreement between Napoleon and Pope Pius VII signed on July 15, 1801 Solidified the Roman Catholic Church as the majority church of France and brought back most of its civil status

Answer 20

Draw between Napoleon's French Army and Russia | Battle before Napoleon's great disaster retreat (Moscow; abandoned and scorched)

Answer 21

After Napoleon escaped from Elba Napoleon defeated after "the Hundred Days" Napoleon sent to island of St. Helena Louis XVIII regains the throne

Answer 22

In St. Petersburg Peaceful protesters that triggered a revolution. Made Russia into a conservative constitutional monarchy.

Answer 23

Prussia defeats Austria. | Pushes Austria out of German affairs.

Answer 24

Granted full civil rights. | Established a Duma (parliament with real legislative power).

AP EURO (ch. 20-24) Flashcards

(48 cards)