ap euro last quiz Flashcards
(150 cards)
1
Q
Political and economic factors which existed after Versailles: the soviet union
A
russia becomes the soviet union
2
Q
Political and economic factors which existed after Versailles: experimental political regimes
A
russia = communism Germany = weimar republic
3
Q
Political and economic factors which existed after Versailles:impact of WW1 casualties
A
less production
4
Q
Political and economic factors which existed after Versailles: economic impact on Europes role in the world
A
now look to other countries for help
5
Q
Political and economic factors which existed after Versailles: factors which led to market and trade changes
A
new little countries divide ownership of mines, farms, etc.
6
Q
the french occupation of the Ruhr: when
A
January 1923
7
Q
the french occupation of the Ruhr: cause
A
germany hadnt been paying the bills
8
Q
the french occupation of the Ruhr: Germanys response
A
workers in germany began to get payed to go on strike
9
Q
the french occupation of the Ruhr: consequences
A
horrible inflation (great depression)
10
Q
the french occupation of the Ruhr: international response
A
the dawes plan 1924: us gives money to germany then they give it to the alies then they give it back to the us. U.S. went bankrupt and now the great depression
11
Q
IRISH INDEPENDENCE: the easter rising
A
by nationalists. it was crushed. those who died became martyrs
12
Q
IRISH INDEPENDENCE: role of sinn fein
A
practically black hand, wanted independence
13
Q
IRISH INDEPENDENCE: Irish war of independents
A
led by the IRA. didnt work
14
Q
IRISH INDEPENDENCE: the IRA
A
the irish republican army led by michael collins
15
Q
IRISH INDEPENDENCE: birth of the republic of ireland (when)?
A
1949
16
Q
SOVIET UNION BETWEEN WWI AND WWII: significance
A
most important political development of the 20th century
17
Q
SOVIET UNION BETWEEN WWI AND WWII: war communism
A
russian civil war 1917-1922 (red [lenin] vs. white [trotsky])
18
Q
SOVIET UNION BETWEEN WWI AND WWII: the NEP
A
new economic policy. slowly become communist country
19
Q
SOVIET UNION BETWEEN WWI AND WWII: the third international
A
(the comintern) model for all communism outside of Russia. not effective. they have to: swear loyalty to moscow leadership and call themselves communists
20
Q
JOSEPH STALIN: path to power
A
peasant to secretary. political opportunist. vs trotsky
21
Q
JOSEPH STALIN: the 5 year plans
A
ran under the gosplan (part of gov) set standards for all industrial production.
22
Q
JOSEPH STALIN: collectivization
A
stalin ordered all farms to be ran by state. by 1937 90% was taken. not effective
23
Q
JOSEPH STALIN: the purges
A
gulags (work concentration camps) (kills threats) public
24
Q
FASCISM IN ITALY: benito mussolini
A
“the duke” started fascism
25
FASCISM IN ITALY: the march on rome
rally to grow fascist party October 1922
26
FASCISM IN ITALY: characteristics (5)
strength through unity, anti democratic, anti marxist, anti parlimentary, and often anti semitic
27
FASCISM IN ITALY: fascist economic policy
marsh to agricultural land, prevent foreign products (tariffs), corporatism, syndicate
28
FASCISM IN ITALY: the lateran accord
compromise with duke of catholic church- church has own state (to win over people)
29
FASCISM IN ITALY: role of women in fascist italy
"motherhood"
30
Poland formed from what countries after WWI
germay, russia, and old austria hungary
31
THE WEIMAR REPUBLIC: when did it come about and what dynasty did it succeed
hohenzollerns 1918
32
THE WEIMAR REPUBLIC: how the weimar constitution was both enlightened and flawed
universal suffrage, freedom of speech, protest FLAW: small political party has seats in government. Article 48
33
THE WEIMAR REPUBLIC: how the german citizens felt about the weimar government and why
lack of support. thought surrendering was a trick
34
THE WEIMAR REPUBLIC: the ruhr uprising and kapp putsch
workers strike
both crushed
showed lack of support
35
ADOLF HITLERS EARLY CAREER: where was he from and what did he want to be
austria, artist
36
ADOLF HITLERS EARLY CAREER: military career
fought at the battle of Maurn, got honor (losing side tho)
37
ADOLF HITLERS EARLY CAREER: role within the NAZI
radical old soldiers, the leader. the symbol=swastika
38
ADOLF HITLERS EARLY CAREER: the beer hall putsch
now 9, 1923. Hitler ordered nazis to try to overthrow the local government. H went to prison
39
ADOLF HITLERS EARLY CAREER: mein kampf
"my struggles" wrote while in prison. 1. how he sees himself as the only one who can lead germany 2. make germany the most strong country through Labenstaum (living space for upper people)
40
COMPARISONS BETWEEN MUSSOLINI AND HITLER: name 6
1. veterans of WWI
2. leaders of ultra-nationalist parties
3. both heroic machiovalian leaders
4. organized par-military forces (the shirts)
5. anti-semetic
6. came to power legally
41
HOW HITLER WAS ABLE TO CONSOLIDATE HIS POWER: the reichstag fire:
1933 started by dutch communist-hitler used this. all civil liberties
42
HOW HITLER WAS ABLE TO CONSOLIDATE HIS POWER: the enabling act
asked reichstag- allow hitler to rule by decree
43
HOW HITLER WAS ABLE TO CONSOLIDATE HIS POWER: the night of the long knives
hunted down political rivals. Röhm Putsch
44
HOW HITLER WAS ABLE TO CONSOLIDATE HIS POWER: president hindenburg
article 48 rule by decree (hitler uses this)
45
THE NAZIS: racial views
refused treaty of versaille
46
THE NAZIS: role of women
child bearing, natural laborers, educators consumers
47
THE NAZIS: economic policy
labor front
48
THE NAZIS: nazi socialism
all for the state
49
THE NAZIS: support of and why
wide spread popular support from germans because they were starting to get jobs
50
FACTORS/EVENTS WHICH LED TO WWII: name 5
WWI
treaty of versaille
great depression
hitler
nazis
51
EXAMPLES OF LEAGUE OF NATIONS FAILURES: name 4
1. placed sanctions on Japan because of the Manchurian crisis (japan ignored)
2. sanctioned italy cause they attacked Ethopia
3. appeasment to germany when they invade the rhineland
4. appeasment when germany annexed austria
52
THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR: when and cause
july 1936-april 1939, political and social differences in spain
53
THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR: who was the leader of spain and what was he
Francisco Franco facist
54
THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR: significance for WWII
spain became a facist country and joined with Germany and Italy
55
THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR: guernica
dress rehearsal for WWII spain land bombed for no reason by Germany.
56
THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR: result
anti war symbol now
57
EXAMPLES OF GERMAN AGGRESSION LEADING UP TO WWII: name 4
1. austria annexed-ANSCHLUSS 1938
2. czechslovakia (democracy)- sudetenland (bring germans back so annex)
3. invades poland 1939 (sep 3 1939 F and B declare was on germany)
4. reoccupation of the Rhineland
58
THE MUNICH CONFERENCE: reason it was held
adolf demands for the Sudetenland
59
THE MUNICH CONFERENCE: countries in attendance
German, Britain, and other neighboring countries
60
THE MUNICH CONFERENCE: hitlers promise
"i have no more territorial demands in Europe"
61
THE MUNICH CONFERENCE: reaction from neville chamberlain
agreed (made a pact)
62
THE MUNICH CONFERENCE: effect
neville chamberlain stepped down, dont believe hitler
63
COUNTRIES CONQUERED BY GERMANY BY 1940: 7
Poland, denmark, norway, belgium, netherlands, luxembourg, and france
64
THE BATTLE OF BRITAIN: when and operation codename
august 1940 operation sealion
65
THE BATTLE OF BRITAIN: type of battle
air battle RAF (royal air force) vs. Luftwaffe
66
THE BATTLE OF BRITAIN: significance of the london blitz
57 day bomb on civilians by Germany
67
THE BATTLE OF BRITAIN: outcome
only unified the British more
68
THE BATTLE OF BRITAIN: Impact on Germany
Hitlers first loss, turns on Russia
69
OPERATION BARBAROSSA: description
hitler attacks on russia
70
OPERATION BARBAROSSA: outcome
Germany lost a ton of resourses
71
OPERATION BARBAROSSA: major battles
seige of leningrad (on russias capital)
72
PRIMARY FACTOR WHICH DREW THE US INTO THE WWII
PEARL HARBOR, lend-lease act, atlantic charter
73
BATTLE WHICH ENABLED THE ALLIES TO WIN THE NORTH AFRICAN CAMPAIGN
battle of el almein october 1942
74
ALLIED STRATEGIC BOMBING: what britain favored and why
area bombing, at night, higher, more civ casualties
75
ALLIED STRATEGIC BOMBING: what US favored and why
precision bombing, target military, avoid civ
76
ALLIED STRATEGIC BOMBING: effects and why
more civilian death because of area bombing
77
D-DAY: codename
operation overlord
78
D-DAY: when
june 6, 1944
79
D-DAY: description: what where
Normandy, France; assault
80
D-DAY: result
france liberated september 1944
81
MAJOR BATTLES OF WWII AND THEIR ORDER
Battle of Britain
operation barborosa
battle of seige
battle of stalingrad
pearl harbor
battle of el almein
d-day
battle of bulge
battle of berlin
82
HOW MANY PEOPLE DIED IN WWII
15 million military, 40 million in all
83
THE HOLOCAUST: who were the victims
jews, uncleansed, disabled=untermenschen
84
THE HOLOCAUST: how many jews were killed
6+ million
85
THE HOLOCAUST: region where the most jews were killed
eastern europe and russia (mainly poland)
86
THE HOLOCAUST: what factors caused it
hitler demands to make room for Germans hitlers beleifs that they shouldnt be treated as humans
87
THE DOMESTIC FRONTS OF WWII: Germany
1941-45 total war (military rationalizing commertial, domestic, women, propaganda, politics) defeat, destruction, occupied
88
THE DOMESTIC FRONTS OF WWII: vichy france
importance on family and spiritual catholic. chauvanistic nationalism, anti semitism (french purehood). gov didnt participate but didnt object
89
THE DOMESTIC FRONTS OF WWII: french resistance
had to stay kind of hidden, "free french" fled to britain. october 21 1945 end of 3rd french republic
90
THE DOMESTIC FRONTS OF WWII: britain
church hill may 22 1904 total war time (conscription, rationing, economic regulation, propaganda)
91
THE DOMESTIC FRONTS OF WWII: the soviet union
centralization (5 years plan, collectivation, purges [2 mil killed] propaganda) emerge as a superpower
92
PREPARATIONS FOR PEACE DURING AND AFTER WWII: obstacles
capitilism vs. communism
93
PREPARATIONS FOR PEACE DURING AND AFTER WWII: the atlantic charter
1941 for victory and post war peace US and britain
94
PREPARATIONS FOR PEACE DURING AND AFTER WWII: the tehran conference
1943 stalin joins the atlantic charter. churchhill vs. stalin over spheres of influence. agreed germany had to be defeated
95
PREPARATIONS FOR PEACE DURING AND AFTER WWII: the yalta conference
1945 feb after battle of the bulge have russia declare war on japan.
96
PREPARATIONS FOR PEACE DURING AND AFTER WWII: the postdam conference
july 1945 FDR and church gone=truman and clement. agreed to set occupation zones for germany (permanently divides Germany till 1989)
97
POLITICAL MOVEMENTS WHICH HAS SHAPED THE GLOBAL COMMUNITY MOST SINCE WWII:
cold war and decolonization
98
AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY AFTER WWII: policy against the soviet union
"containment" resist extention of sov un in hopes they collapse from internal pressure
99
AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY AFTER WWII: the greek civil war
britain helping greece and turkey against yugoslavia but couldnt support so us did
100
AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY AFTER WWII: the truman doctrine
policy of support for "free people who are being subjugation by outside pressures" (greece)
101
AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY AFTER WWII: the marshal plan
provide to aid to europe on the sole condition that they work together for mutual benefit
102
AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY AFTER WWII: eastern europe
christian democratic movement worked to keep communism influence at bay outside the soviet sphere in eastern europe
103
POST WAR DIVISION OF GERMANY: the USSR
dismantled German industry in the eastern zone
104
POST WAR DIVISION OF GERMANY: policies implemented by western powers in its sectors
western zone. said if germany followed soviety policy it would cause chaos
105
POST WAR DIVISION OF GERMANY: the berlin blockade and airlift
russia closed of berlin to the allied powers in fear so allies airlifted supplies in past the blockade
106
POST WAR DIVISION OF GERMANY: length of germanys division and what ended it
till 1989 the fall of the berlin wall
107
THE CREATION OF ISRAEL: the balfour declaration
foreign policy from britain promised palistine a homeland for jew
108
THE CREATION OF ISRAEL: the UN resolution of 1947
created a 2 state israel palistine between the arabs and jews
109
THE CREATION OF ISRAEL: israeli independence
declared 1948
110
THE CREATION OF ISRAEL: US and USSR support during israeli war of independance
us=jews soviety=arabs
111
THE CREATION OF ISRAEL: impact in palestine on arabs
forced to lose off of their territory
112
EXAMPLES OF COLD WAR CONFLICTS name 5
1. Korean war 1950-52
2. vietnam war 1965-75
3. Afgan war 1979
4. Cuban missile crisis
5. U2 spy plane incident
113
NIKITA KHRUSHCHEV: who he succeeded
stalin 1956
114
NIKITA KHRUSHCHEV: "secret speech" of 1956
denounced stalin
115
NIKITA KHRUSHCHEV: peaceful coexistence
with the us. launched initative to be more peaceful
116
NIKITA KHRUSHCHEV: his american tour
come to US went to wdc camp david new york iowa LA
117
NIKITA KHRUSHCHEV: actions taken during the cuban missile crisis
withdrew from cuba. averted nuclear war.
118
THE BREZHENEV ERA: the prague spring
liberal communism so crushed
119
THE BREZHENEV ERA: the brezhenev doctrine
sovietys can interfere in puppet states if breaking from cummunism
120
THE BREZHENEV ERA: détenté
relax of tensions with us and soviet
121
THE BREZHENEV ERA: impact of the strategic defense initiative on his policies
issued by US "star wars" forced to spend on arms
122
LECH WALESA: who was he what did he lead and what effeect did he have
polish nationalist, led solidarity (workers union) resisting communism. arrested and became a martyr. became president of poland
123
MIKHAIL GORBACHEV: glasnost
"openess" open up to media about failures of communism
124
MIKHAIL GORBACHEV: perestroika
"restructuring" restructure economy and capitilism
125
SOVIET PUPPET STATES THAT EXPERIENCED REVOLTS FROM COMMUNISM 1989
poland, scechslovakia, hungary, eastern germany, romania
126
THE MOST IMPORTANT HISTORICAL EVENT IN THE LAST HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY
collapse of european communism
127
WHAT SIGNALED THE END OF THE COLD WAR
the collapse of the berlin wall
128
CAUSES OF EUROPES RETREAT FROM IMPERIALISM
1.nationalist revolts during interwar years
2. WWII drew imperial powers on war and not colonies
3. after WWII countries prioritizing motherlands
4. fighting against communism, nazis, etc. if serious about democracy, let go of land
129
BRITISH COLONIAL RULE OF INDIA: "the white mans burden"
rudyard kipling wrote about how india is owned by britain. justification
130
BRITISH COLONIAL RULE OF INDIA: mohandas ghandis influence:
inspired nationalism
131
BRITISH COLONIAL RULE OF INDIA: year ended
1947
132
BRITISH COLONIAL RULE OF INDIA: why britain had been able to exploit india
divide and conquer. muslums vs indus
133
CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF THE COLLAPSE OF THE SOVIET UNION: gorbachev
started the collapse. head of state. perestrokia=restructure reforms; glasnost="open"
134
CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF THE COLLAPSE OF THE SOVIET UNION: boris yeltsin
supports gorbachev. leader of russian republic
135
CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF THE COLLAPSE OF THE SOVIET UNION: situation in the soviet republics
unrest
136
CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF THE COLLAPSE OF THE SOVIET UNION: what succeeded the USSR and when
the commonwealth of independent states (CIS) 1991
137
YUGOLAVIA: josip tito
led yugoslavia. able to keep them intact. when died=everyone resented each other
138
YUGOLAVIA: NATO action in yugoslavia
pushed serbs out of bosnia 1995 independent
139
YUGOLAVIA: slobaodan milosevic
evil. led out the wars and stuff
140
YUGOLAVIA: significance kosovo within yugoslavia
the kosovo war 1998-99 serbs pushed out. 1999 independent kind of
141
RUSSIA UNDER PUTIN: reasons for economic growth
made currency better. foreign depts payed. more consumer goods, oil recourses
142
RUSSIA UNDER PUTIN: position on nato and the eu
critical of the ongoing expansion of NATO
143
RUSSIA UNDER PUTIN: foreign policy in georgia, criea, syria
G: tried to take control of it. Georgia sent troops to land between georgia and russia. russia pushed back but did not stop pushing
C: annexed 2014
S: went to help with their revolution. took their leader and syria is now free 2024
144
4 examples of terrorist attacks:
september 11, spain trains getting bombed, london buses getting bombed, paris attacks at soccer stadium, concert, grocery stores, etc
145
reasons for immigration in the second half of the 20th century into he 21st
world war two, family reunification
146
what people were causing conflicts in europe from immigration
muslims
147
is the age of europe population getting older or younger
older
148
what led to european welfare systems/societies
cold war, NATO, avoid unceartanty
149
what was the single most important success story in the post war europe
The European Union
150
Challenges the European Union faced:
1. Gaps growing between European Political Elites.
2. High rates of unemployment.
3. Smaller Member States thought France and Germany ignored them.
4. The money change did not help some countries
