AP EURO REVIEW: KEY TERMS

Question 0

These people are French Calvinist.

Answer 0

Huguenots

Question 1

this treaty was signed in 1559 by France and Spain. It ended the Habsburg-Valois wars. Spain was crowned Victor and fancy must of knowledge Spanish dominance in Italy.

Answer 1

Treaty of Cateau Cambrésis

Question 2

This event was the perishing of the Huguenots by the Catholic in Paris At a wedding ceremony.

Answer 2

Saint Bartholomew’s Day Massacre

Question 3

These French people believe that only the restoration of strong monarchy and reverse the trend toward collapse would save France.

Answer 3

Politiques

Question 4

Published by Henry IV in 1598 who granted Huguenots the liberty of conscience and liberty of public worship.

Answer 4

Edict of Nantes

Question 5

centered in the Netherlands, 5000 merchants from many nations gathered daily in the exchange.

Answer 5

Bourse

Question 6

signed in 1581, this was the union formation of the seven Northern Provinces

Answer 6

Union of Utrecht

Question 7

this was a monastery at Northwest Madrid in Spain.

Answer 7

Escorial

Question 8

This union was formed by Lutheran princes in 1608. Determined that the other should make no religious advance.

Answer 8

Protestant union

Question 9

this treaty signed in October 1648 was the turning point of political, religious, social history. The conflicts of religious faith ends. This treaty recognizes sovereign, independent of more than 300 German princes. The treaty was signed at Münster and Osnabruck. It also denies the papacy the right to participate in German religious affairs.

Answer 9

Peace of Westphalia

Question 10

This 15th-century tool enabled sailors to determine their direction and position at sea.

Answer 10

magnetic compass

Question 11

This tool was developed by Muslim navigators in the 12th century Who determined altitude of the sun and other celestial bodies.

Answer 11

Astrolobe

Question 12

Published by Fernandez De Oviedo’s in 1547 who detailed eyewitness account of plants, animals, people and became widely read.

Answer 12

General history of Indies

Question 13

This 16 century nickname influence of Spanish armies, Spanish Catholicism, and Spanish wealth which was felt all over Spain. This was the influx of precious metals from the New World.

Answer 13

Golden century of Spain

Question 14

Centered in Spain where severely strained governed body, economic shambles and Spanish predominance is over

Answer 14

Price revolution

Question 15

In the 16th century the Spanish crown was divided in the New World territories into four viceroyalties.

1. New Spain: Mexico, Central America, California, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas and the capital Mexico City.
2. Peru: Chile, Bolivia, Ecuador and the capital at Lima
3. New Granada: Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, after 1739 Ecuador, where the capital was at Bogota.
4. La Plata: Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay and the Capitol at Bueno Aries.

Answer 15

Viceroyalties

Question 16

1/5 of all precious metals mined in South America.

Answer 16

Quinto

Question 17

A term to a person who is considered hath conference with the devil to consult with him or to do some act. They were thought to mysteriously injured people.

Answer 17

Witch

Question 18

This key term which is Portuguese “odd shaped, imperfect pearl” This type of art was usually overblown, unbalanced style. Was very famously used in the 17th and half of the 18th century.

Answer 18

Baroque

Question 19

A state that possesses a monopoly over the instruments of justice and the use of the force within clearly defined boundaries.

Answer 19

sovereignty

Question 20

This term was coined in 1830. Monarchs who used this term believed the divine right of the king.

Answer 20

Absolutism

Question 21

This French quote meaning reason of state was developed by Richelieu that justifies his policies.

Answer 21

Raison d’etat

Question 22

this was the Civil War in France (1648 through 1653) mostly caused by chief Minister of Richelieu and regent of Louis XIV, Cardinal Jules Mazarin. This key term also means slingshot or catapult. This had three results for the future: Government would have to compromise with Bureaucrats, French economy would take years to rebuild, and I left a traumatic effect on young Louis XIV.

Answer 22

Fronde.

Fronder it’s considered a street urchin who through mud at rich people. Usually oppose the policies of the government.

Question 23

This term was were scholars characterize the art and literature of the age of Louis XIV. It was an official style of Louis Court.

Answer 23

French classicism

Question 24

This key term was the collection of governmental policies for the regulation of economic activities, especially commercial activities, by and for the state.

Answer 24

Mercantilism

Question 25

This treaty signed in 1713 at Utrecht concludes the wars of Louis XIV. It presented the balance of power principle in operation. Setting limits on the extent to which anyone's power could expand. Expanded the British Empire and marked end of French expansionist policy.

Answer 25

Peace of Utrecht

Question 26

A novel written by Miguel de Cervantes. Deliberated The whole fabric of the 16th century Spanish society. The main character Don Quixote lives in a world of dreams traveling countryside seeking military glory.

Answer 26

Don Quixote

Question 27

This key term was the limitation of government by law. It implies a balance between the authority and power of government on the one hand and the rights of liberties of the subjects on the other.

Answer 27

constitutionalism

Question 28

These extreme reformers believed Reformation had not gone far enough. They wanted to purify the Anglican church of Roman catholic elements; elaborate investments and ceremonials, bishops, position of altar in charge, giving and wearing of wedding rings. They wanted to abolish the bishops in church of England.

Answer 28

puritans

Question 29

This type of government was the Commonwealth. Proclaimed after the abolishment of the kingship. The legislative was Parliament. Executive was the Council of State and the army control of the government.

Answer 29

republican government

Question 30

A treatise written by John Locke who was a political philosopher. It's Maintained that people set up Civil government to protect the life liberty and poverty and if overstepping its function, it becomes a tyranny. Under tyrannical rebellion, people have natural rights to rebellion.

Answer 30

Second Treatise of Civil Government

Question 31

This 18th-century term derived from small private room in which English rulers consulted their chief Minister.

Answer 31

cabinet System

Question 32

This federal assembly handled matters of foreign affairs such as war. No sovereignty meant local is dates for approval.

Answer 32

States General

Question 33

A representative in each province appointed by states general. They carried out ceremonial functions and was responsible for defense and good order.

Answer 33

State holder

Question 34

Group of regents of Holland established in 1602.

Answer 34

Dutch East India Company

Question 35

Serfs Established between 1400-1650 in the Eastern lands of Bohemia, Silesia , Hungary, eastern Germany, Poland, Lithuania and Russia.

Answer 35

serfdom

Question 36

Centered in Prussia, peasants were a assumed to be tied to their local lords , bound to their lords from one generation to the next as well to the land.

Answer 36

heredity subjugation

Question 37

The believe in divine right created in Prussia was stronger and more effective then the established Austria. This advantage gave Prussia a thin edge over Austria in the struggle for power in East Central Europe in the 18 century

Answer 37

absolutism

Question 38

This key term is the representative body of different states, or legal orders, and Bohemia.

Answer 38

bohemian states

Question 39

This Ottoman Turk Emperor exploited the land as he saw fit according to Ottoman political theory. He defended peasant communities from Greedy officials, so that peasants could afford to pay their taxes and support the state.

Answer 39

Sultan

Question 40

This system created a powerful stabilizing bond between the ottoman ruling classes and the different religious leaders, who supported the sultans rule in return for extensive authorities over the members of their communities. Each collected taxes for the state, regulated good behavior, and Maintained law courts, school, synagogues, and hospitals for its people. Individuals outside the ruling elite had status only through their System membership.

Answer 40

Millet System

Question 41

Proclaimed by Charles VI in 1713, stated that Habsburg possessions were never to be divided and would always to be passed intact to a single heir, who might be female since Charles VI was the last of all Habsburg males. Charles spent much of his reign trying to get this principle accepted by various branches of the Habsburg family, the three different estates of realm, and by the states of Europe.

Answer 41

Pragmatic sanction

Question 42

This elector had the right to choose the Holy Roman Empire with six other electors bestowed prestige, but the elector had no military strength whatsoever.

Answer 42

Elector of Bradenburg

Question 43

A key term coined to the nobility and land owning class that dominated the estates of Brandenburg and Prussia

Answer 43

Junkets

Question 44

This religion mostly dominated by the Russians rejected authority of the pope.

Answer 44

Eastern orthodoxy

Question 45

These were powerful land owning Nobles in Russia.

Answer 45

Boyars Nobility

Question 46

This key term is a nickname for the Mongols who ruled the Eastern Slavs for more than 200 years after the conquest of Chinggis Khan. The Mongols used existing Slavic princes as servants and tax collector. Good princes were awarded with heredity.

Answer 46

Mongol Yoke

Question 47

A system of government by one person with absolute power.

Answer 47

Autocracy

Question 48

This type of nobility held the Tsar's land on the explicit condition that they serve in the Tsar's army.

Answer 48

Service nobility

Question 49

Free groups and outlaw armies of peasants who fled Tsar and service nobility.

Answer 49

Cossacks

Question 50

A key term where most people are not philosophers, but they nevertheless have a basic outlook on life.

Answer 50

world view

Question 51

This hypothesis put the stars at rest. There apparent nightly movement simply a result of the earth's rotation. Thus, it destroyed the main reason for believing in Crystal spears capable of moving the stars around the earth. Second, the theory suggested a universe of staggering size. If in a course of a year the earth moves around the sun and yet the stars appeared to remain in the same place done at the universe was unthinkably large or even infinite.

Answer 51

Copernican hypothesis

Question 52

A method by Galileo, rather than speculate about what might or should happen, he conducted controlled experiments to find out what actually did happen. This showed that a uniform force in this case gravity produced a uniform acceleration.

Answer 52

Experimental method

Question 53

Formulated by Galileo, this rest was not the natural state of objects, rather than, an object continues in motion forever unless stopped by some external force.

Answer 53

Law of Inertia

Question 54

By Isaac Newton, everybody in the universe attracts every other body in the universe in a precise mathematical relationship, whereby the force of attraction is proportional to the quantity of matter of the objects and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

Answer 54

law of universal gravitation

Question 55

A general theory of inductive reasoning

Answer 55

Empiricism

Question 56

Where in by Renée Descartes which consisting two fundamental entities.

Answer 56

Cartesian Dualism

Question 57

This was a philosophical movement of the 18 century

Answer 57

Enlightenment

Question 58

This idea brought the enlightenment into a head-on conflict with established churches, which arrested their beliefs on the special authority on the Bible and Christian theology.

Answer 58

Rationalism

Question 59

The idea that Enlightenment Thinkers believed that it was at least possible for human beings to create better societies and better people.

Answer 59

Progress

Question 60

A key term meaning any questioning attitude toward knowledge. Quoted by Pierre Bayle

Answer 60

Skepticism

Question 61

Where in by John Locke, the human mind is like a blank tablet, on which the environment writes the individuals understanding and beliefs. Human development is therefore determined by education and social institutions, for good or for evil.

Answer 61

Fabula Rasa

Question 62

these people were proudly and effectively proclaimed that day, at long last, were bringing the light of knowledge to their ignorant fellow creatures in the Age of Enlightenment.

Answer 62

Philosophe's

Question 63

The economic and social elite joined together in the 18th century concept of the educated or a lightened public.

Answer 63

Public

Question 64

Montesquieu argued that despotism could be avoided if there was a separation of powers, with political power divided and shared by a variety of classes and legal Estates holding unequal rights and privileges.

Answer 64

Separation of powers

Question 65

social contract written in 1762 by Rousseau saying that this key term is Sacred an absolute, reflecting the common interest of all people, who have displaced the Monarch as the holder of sovereign power.

Answer 65

general will

Question 66

talented rich woman in Paris hosted social gatherings in this key term of the great and near great.

Answer 66

Salons

Question 67

This key term refers to the absolute monarchy inspired by the enlightenment

Answer 67

Enlightened Absolutism

Question 68

This key term were foods that were eaten up by the poor. They were never a regular food and was only eaten out of desperation. Some of these foods include grass, chestnuts, bark and flowers. Even some cannibalism occurred during the 17 century

Answer 68

famine foods

Question 69

this system was the greatest accomplishment of medieval agriculture of village farming developed by European peasants.

Answer 69

Openfield system

Question 70

This key term, in addition to rotating field crops in a uniform way, villages Maintained open Meadows for hay and pasture.

Answer 70

Common Lands

Question 71

This was the progressive elimination of the fallow, which occurred gradually throughout Europe from mid 17 century and-on. The great milestone and human development.

Answer 71

agriculture revolution

Question 72

this new system of new patterns of organization allowed some farmers to develop increasingly sophisticated patterns to suit different kind of soil

Answer 72

Crap rotation

Question 73

Centered in England, this was the transformation of large numbers of small peasant farmers into land less rural wage earners – gone so far.

Answer 73

Proletarianization

Question 74

is a key term, also known as domestic industry.

Answer 74

cottage industry

Question 75

A key term that is a description of the 18th century rural industry

Answer 75

putting out system

Question 76

This was a system of economic regulation aimed at increasing the power of the state. It particularly aimed at creating a favorable balance of foreign trade in order to create a country's stock of gold.

Answer 76

mercantilism

Question 77

Published by Oliver Cromwell this act stated that all English goods must be imported on English ships

Answer 77

The navigation act

Question 78

this key term, forced migration of africans was the key element in the Atlantic system and Western European economic expansion throughout 18th century. Africans made a decisive contribute to the development of Atlantic economy. In 1807 Parliament abolished this type of trade.

Answer 78

African slave trade

Question 79

By Adam Smith, effects of both England and Spain, form of mercantilism, founded the bias for modern economics, government should control economy, it will help the rich and poor equally.

Answer 79

economic liberalism