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AP European History > AP European History Review Definitons > Flashcards

AP European History Review Definitons Flashcards

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1
Q

Humanism

A

Human nature/achievement worthy of contemplation

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2
Q

Renaissance

A

Period of change/christian culture combined

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3
Q

Patronage

A

Paying artists to create

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4
Q

Merchant Class

A

Base for italian reniassiance

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5
Q

Core Values of Renaissance

A

Classicism, secularism, well roundedness, individualism, skepticism, humanism

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6
Q

Machiavelli

A

Wrote prince- states that a gov. ruler should do whatever it takes to maintain a strong and stable reign

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7
Q

Medici

A

Wealthy and powerful, patrons of the arts produced 3 popes

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8
Q

Savonarola

A

Dominican friar, called for destruction of art as well as vanities to renew christianity

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9
Q

Guttenberg

A

Invented printing press responsible for the spread of information and education

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10
Q

Michelangelo

A

Had medici influence, sculptor, architect, painter, had perfectionist

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11
Q

Castiglione

A

Humanist published “the courtier” , which described the ideal woman/man thou to rise in the territory

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12
Q

Spanish Inquistition

A

Intended to spread/maintain catholicism, established by Ferdinand 11 and Elisabetha 1

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13
Q

Italian Oligarchy

A

City States that control italy, not united, florence is best example

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14
Q

Concordat of Bologna

A

Treaty with French papracy, Francois 1 recognized supereasy of papacy, in return appoint all priests, saved money

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15
Q

Reformations Attitude toward_____changed.

A

women

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16
Q

Change in Reformation

A

Nun vows of celibacy were against nature (Luther, Zwingli), mutual contract allowed divorce (Protestant), against prostitution

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17
Q

Continuity in the Reformation

A

Women should obedient,below men, happy about their place in life.

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18
Q

Protestant and Catholic Reformations affect_____from 1500 to_____.

A

culture, 1700

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19
Q

(Cause)Protestant Reformation:(effect)

A

caused marriage and law change allowing divorce and for priests/nuns to marry

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20
Q

(Cause)Protestant and Catholic Reformation:(effect)

A

Caused religious violence such as: hapsburg-valois wars(1521-1526), st bartholomew’s massacre (1572)

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21
Q

Iconoclasm

A

Destroying religious images

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22
Q

Protestant views of relationship between church/state

A

a. Church and state had no separation, calvin forming theocracy in Geneva
b. Church and state were separated, Zurich-no special privilege for clergy, city council (secular) taxed them and placed clergy under jurisdiction

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23
Q

30 Year War Turning Points

A

Religious tolerance- protestant/catholic allies
Religion less important than motive for conflict
Military Revolution- Advance in organization, training, army sides doubled
Decline of Habsburg Empire- treaty of augsburg/ peace of westphalia

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24
Q

Encomienda System

A

Conqueror’s right to employ natives/demand tribute

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25
Ptolemy's Geography
Atlas of geographical knowledge in 2nd Century Roman Empire
26
Mexican Empire
(Aztec) Alliance of three city-states, Spanish Conquest
27
Columbian exchange
Exchange of animals, plants, diseases, between new / old world
28
Inca Empire
Spanish Conquest, two largest pre-columbian Empire in America
29
Conquistador
Spanish conquerer
30
Treaty of Tordesillas
Portugal vs. Spain, divided new world
31
Caravel
Sailing ship, Spanish or Portuguese
32
Viceroyalties
Mexico pero (spanish division)
33
Middle Passage
As many "cargo" that could fit, 20% died
34
Aztecs
(Mexica) Spanish conquest
35
Dutch East India Company
First global trading company
36
Montezuma
Defeated by conquistadors
37
Magellan
Portuguese but funded by Spain
38
Columbus
Italian but funded by Spain
39
Montezuma
Aztec ruler defeated by Hernan Cortes
40
Hernen Cortes
Conquistador, invaded Mexico from Spain
41
Genoese/ Venetian
Explorer West Atlantic, Asian / Middle East Goods more valuable, fund new world colony trade
42
Portugal/Spain
Treaty of Tordesillas, Portugal's ideal location want to get rich and Muslim Conquest, focused on Africa / Brazil, Spain=conquest, viceroyalties, encomienda system Columbus + Magellan
43
French / English
Settled in North America, French were least racist, trade with Indians, Canada and inland down mississippi. English settlements for religious reasons, jamestown, Roanoke, Massachusetts
44
Slavery
Transatlantic slave trade, middle passage, dutch west india company, supported economy
45
Columbian Exchange/Globalization
Connected to each other, Global Market was internationally trading, Columbian Exchange happen more because of Global Market
46
Impact of Age of Exploration
Columbian Exchange, change slavery, settlements, imperialism=colonization worldwide, Africa economy was supported on slave trade alone, diseases spread to natives
47
Thomas Hobbes
Philosopher, believed in absolute monarchy. Social contract-agreement to give up certain rights for a better society.
48
John Locke
Natural rights-life, liberty, pursuit of property, empiricism(reasoning that requires evidence through observation), blank slate
49
Voltaire
Freedom of speech, deist(god created earth then stepped aside), challenged catholic church
50
Montesquieu
Separation of powers, criticized government.
51
Rousseau
Social contract, rationalism(objective ruling is destructive), equal rights
52
Beccaria
Justice system
53
Louis XIV
Absolute monarch, revoked edict of nantes, drained french treasury
54
Jean Baptiste Colbert
French minister of finances under Louis XIV, mercantilism(import little, export much)
55
Cardinal Ruchelieu
Attacked huguenots, advanced absolutism, subsidized swedes to weaken Habsburgs, then declared war on spain
56
Peace of Westphalia
Recognized authority of 300 german princes, ended 30 year war
57
Mercantilism
Import little, export much
58
Baroque Art
Sponsored by catholic church, depicted drama, victory
59
Thermidorian Reaction
Riots in fear of prosecution
60
Estates general
Assembly by representing estates
61
Great Fear
Peasant riots, caused aristocratic conspiracy
62
Reign of Terror
Period of violence after revolution onset
63
Grand Empire
Enlarged finances/states conquered by Napoleon
64
Jacobin Club
Political group, protest against aristocracy
65
2nd Revolution
Paris declares French republic
66
Continental System
Policy of Napoleon, French economy
67
Napoleonic code
Forbids birth privileges and freedom of religion
68
Declaration fo INdependence
America from Britian
69
The Mountain
Radical political group opposed girondists, sat on highest assembly
70
Girondist
Member of moderate republican party
71
Sans-Culattes
Common folk of 18th centruy
72
Three Estates
Nobles, clergy, common people
73
Napoleon Bonaparte
French military/political conquerer
74
Maximillian Robespierre
Radical jacobin ruler
75
Attack on Bastille
Mob wanted to revolt but needed weapons, symbolized fight of people vs. king
76
Hundred Days
Period between Napoleon's arrival after exile and return of Louis XVII
77
Versailles Revolution
Royal count that symbolized the

AP European History (5 decks)

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