AP GOV CH.2 FLASHCARDS- Eddy Ramirez

Question 1

New world

Answer 1

one of the names used for the majority of Earth’s Western Hemisphere, specifically the Americas (including nearby islands such as those of the Caribbean and Bermuda)

Question 2

Benjamin Franklin

Answer 2

printer whose success as an author led him to take up politics; he helped draw up the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution; he played a major role in the American Revolution and negotiated French support for the colonists

Question 3

French and Indian War

Answer 3

comprised the North American theater of the worldwide Seven Years’ War of 1756–63. It pitted the colonies of British America against those of New France.

Question 4

mercantilism

Answer 4

the economic theory that trade generates wealth and is stimulated by the accumulation of profitable balances, which a government should encourage by means of protectionism.

Question 5

Samuel Adams

Answer 5

was an American statesman, political philosopher, and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States

Question 6

Stamp Act Congress

Answer 6

was a meeting held between October 7 and 25, 1765, in New York City, consisting of representatives from some of the British colonies in North America

Question 7

Sons and Daughters of Liberty

Answer 7

They had secret code words, medals, and symbols. Originally formed in response to the Stamp Act, their activities were far more than ceremonial.

Question 8

Crispus Attucks

Answer 8

was an American stevedore of African and Native American descent, widely regarded as the first person killed in the Boston massacre and thus the first American killed in the American Revolution.

Question 9

First Continental Congress

Answer 9

was a meeting of delegates from twelve of the Thirteen Colonies who met from September 5 to October 26, 1774, at Carpenters’ Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, early in the American Revolution.

Question 10

Lexington and Concord

Answer 10

The Battles of Lexington and Concord were the first military engagements of the American Revolutionary War.

Question 11

Second Continental Congress

Answer 11

The Second Continental Congress was a convention of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies that started meeting in the spring of 1775 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Question 12

Thomas Paine

Answer 12

Thomas Paine was an English-born American political activist, philosopher, political theorist and revolutionary.

Question 13

Common Sense

Answer 13

Common Sense is a pamphlet written by Thomas Paine in 1775–76 advocating independence from Great Britain to people in the Thirteen Colonies.

Question 14

Thomas Jefferson

Answer 14

was an American Founding Father who was the principal author of the Declaration of Independence and later served as the third president of the United States from 1801 to 1809

Question 15

Declaration of Independence

Answer 15

is the statement adopted by the Second Continental Congress meeting at the Pennsylvania State House (now known as Independence Hall) in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on July 4, 1776.

Question 16

social contract theory

Answer 16

In both moral and political philosophy, the social contract is a theory or model that originated during the Age of Enlightenment. Usually, the social contract concerns the legitimacy of the authority of the state over the individual

Question 17

political culture

Answer 17

Political culture l culture is thus the manifestation of the psychological and subjective dimensions of politics. A political culture is the product of both the history of a political system and the histories of the members.

Question 18

Articles of Confederation

Answer 18

The Articles of Confederation, formally the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, was an agreement among the 13 original states of the United States of America that served as its first constitution.

Question 19

Critical Period

Answer 19

The term Critical Period, coined by John Fiske (philosopher) in 1888 with his book ‘The Critical Period of American History’, refers to the 1780s, a time right after the American Revolution where the future of the newly formed nation was in the balance.

Question 20

Shays Rebellion

Answer 20

shays’ Rebellion was an armed uprising in Massachusetts, mostly in and around Springfield during 1786 and 1787

Question 21

Constitutional Convention

Answer 21

The Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia met between May and September of 1787 to address the problems of the weak central government that existed under the Articles of Confederation.

Question 22

George Washington

Answer 22

George Washington was the first President of the United States, and was among the nation’s Founding Fathers

Question 23

constitution

Answer 23

a body of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is acknowledged to be governed.

Question 24

Virginia Plan

Answer 24

a proposal by Virginia delegates for a bicameral legislative branch. The plan was drafted by James Madison while he waited for a quorum to assemble at the Constitutional Convention of 1787.

Question 25

New Jersey Plan

Answer 25

a proposal for the structure of the United States Government presented by William Paterson at the Constitutional Convention on June 15, 1787.

Question 26

Great Compromise

Answer 26

an agreement that large and small states reached during the Constitutional Convention of 1787 that in part defined the legislative structure and representation that each state would have under the United States

Question 27

Three-Fifths Compromise

Answer 27

The population of slaves would be counted as three-fifths in total when apportioning Representatives, as well as Presidential electors and taxes. The Three-Fifths Compromise was proposed by James Wilson and Roger Sherman, who were both delegates for the Constitutional Convention of 1787.

Question 28

Electoral College

Answer 28

The United States Electoral College is a body of electors established by the United States Constitution, constituted every four years for the sole purpose of electing the president and vice president of the United States.

Question 29

Alexander Hamilton

Answer 29

was an American statesman and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. He was an influential interpreter and promoter of the U.S. Constitution

Question 30

Montesquieu

Answer 30

Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de La Brède et de Montesquieu, generally referred to as simply Montesquieu, was a French judge, man of letters, and political philosopher.

Question 31

federalism

Answer 31

Federalism is the mixed or compound mode of government, combining a general government with regional governments in a single political system.

Question 32

separation of powers

Answer 32

an act of vesting the legislative, executive, and judicial powers of government in separate bodies.

Question 33

checks and balances

Answer 33

counterbalancing influences by which an organization or system is regulated, typically those ensuring that political power is not concentrated in the hands of individuals or groups.

Question 34

Article I

Answer 34

the U.S. Congress makes the laws for the United States. Congress has two parts,called "Houses," the House of Representatives and the Senate.

Question 35

Article 2

Answer 35

the President, Vice-President, Cabinet, and Departments under the Cabinet Secretaries carry out the laws made by Congress.

Question 36

Article 3

Answer 36

the Supreme Court decides court cases according to US Constitution. The courts under the Supreme Court decide criminal and civil court cases according to the correct federal, state, and local laws.

Question 37

Article 4

Answer 37

States have the power to make and carry out their own laws.

Question 38

Article 5

Answer 38

The Constitution can be changed. New amendments can be added to the US Constitution with the approval by a two-thrids vote in each house of Congress (967,281) and three-fourth vote by the states (38).

Question 39

Article 6

Answer 39

The Constitution and federal laws are higher than state and local laws. All laws must agree with the US Constitution.

Question 40

Article 7

Answer 40

The Constitution was presented to George Washington and the men at the Constitutional Convention on September 17, 1787, Representatives from twelve out of the thirteen original states signed the Constitution. From September 1787 to July 1788, the states meet, talked about, and finally voted to approve the Constitution.

Question 41

Enumerated Powers

Answer 41

The Enumerated powers of the United States Congress are listed in Article I, Section 8 of the United States Constitution.

Question 42

necessary and proper clause

Answer 42

The Necessary and Proper Clause, also known as the elastic clause, is a clause in Article I,

Question 43

implied powers

Answer 43

This "Necessary and Proper Clause" (sometimes also called the "Elastic Clause") grants Congress a set of so-called implied powers—that is, powers not explicitly named in the Constitution but assumed to exist due to their being necessary to implement the expressed powers that are named in Article I.

Question 44

inherent powers

Answer 44

Inherent powers are those powers that Congress and the president need in order to get the job done right. Although not specified in the Constitution, they are reasonable powers that are a logical part of the powers delegated to Congress and the president.

Question 45

full faith and credit clause

Answer 45

Article IV, Section 1 of the United States Constitution, known as the "Full Faith and Credit Clause", addresses the duties that states within the United States have to respect the "public acts, records

Question 46

supremacy clause

Answer 46

The Supremacy Clause of the United States Constitution establishes that the Constitution, federal laws made pursuant to it, and treaties made under its authority, constitute the supreme law of the land

Question 47

Federalists

Answer 47

The Federalist Party, referred to as the Pro-Administration party until the 3rd United States Congress, was the first American political party. It existed from the early 1790s to 1816

Question 48

Anti-Federalists

Answer 48

Anti-Federalism refers to a movement that opposed the creation of a stronger U.S. federal government and which later opposed the ratification of the 1787 Constitution. The previous constitution, called the Articles of Confederation, gave state governments more authority.

Question 49

James Madison

Answer 49

James Madison Jr. was an American statesman and Founding Father who served as the fourth President of the United States from 1809 to 1817

Question 50

John Jay

Answer 50

John Jay was an American statesman, Patriot, diplomat, one of the Founding Fathers of the United States, negotiator and signatory of the Treaty of Paris of 1783, second Governor of New York, and the first Chief Justice of the United States

Question 51

The federalist papers

Answer 51

The Federalist is a collection of 85 articles and essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay under the pseudonym "Publius" to promote the ratification of the United States Constitution.

Question 52

Bill of Rights

Answer 52

The Bill of Rights is the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution. Proposed following the often bitter 1787–88 battle over ratification of the U.S. Constitution