AP Human Geo Unit 7

Question 1

What is:

Industrialization

(The development of … in a … or … on a wide scale)

Answer 1

The development of industries in a country or region on a wide scale

This was the answer

Question 2

What is an:

Industry

(Economic activity concerned with the … of raw … and … of goods in …)

Answer 2

Economic activity concerned with the processing of raw materials and manufacture of goods in facotries

This was the answer

Question 3

What is the:

Industrial Revolution

(A series of improvemements in … … that transformed the process of … goods)

Answer 3

A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods

This was the answer

Question 4

What is the:

Cottage Industry

(Manufacturing based in … rather than in …, commonly found prior to the … …)

Answer 4

Manufacturing based in homes rather than in factories, commonly found prior to the industrial revolution

This was the answer

Question 5

What is the:

Primary Sector

(Activities including … (both … and …), mining, …, grazing, … and gathering, …, and quarrying)

Answer 5

Activities including agriculture (both subsistence and commercial), mining, forestry, grazing, hunting and gathering, fishing, and quarrying

This was the answer

Question 6

What is the:

Secondary Sector

(Produces finished goods from the materials extracted by the … … All manufacturing, …, and construction … lie within this …)

Answer 6

Produces finished goods from the raw materials extracted by the primary economy. All manufacturing, processing, and construction jobs lie within this sector

This was the answer

Question 7

What is the:

Tertiary Sector

(Known as the … … Activites associated with this … include …, restaurants, …, tourism, …, health care, and …)

Answer 7

Known as the Service Industry. Activites associated with this sector include retail and wholesale sales, transportation, restaurants, media, tourism, banking, health care, and law

This was the answer

Question 8

What is the:

Quaternary Sector

(Consists of intellectual activites often associted with … … (knowledge economy). Activites include …, culture, …, scientific research, … and information …)

Answer 8

Consists of intellectual activites often associated with technological innovation (knowledge economy). Activites include government, culture, libraries, scientific research, education, and information technology

This was the answer

Question 9

What is the:

Quinary Sector

(The … thats sometimes called “… ….” professions, inclues highest level pof decision making in a society or economy. This … includes top executives or officials in …, science, …, nonprofits, … …., culture, and the …)

Answer 9

The sector thats sometimes called “gold collar” professions, includes highest levels of decision-making in a society or economy. This sector includes top executives or officials in government, science, universities, nonprofits, health care, culture, and the media

This was the answer

Question 10

What is:

Weber’s Least Cost Theory

(a … thats created to determine the … of … plants (…)

Answer 10

A theory thats createrd to determine the location of manufacturing plants (facotries)

This was the answer

Question 11

What is the:

Bulk-Reducing Industry

(Because input weighs more than the final products, … location is near raw … to reduce … costs)

Answer 11

Because input weighs more than the final products, plant location is near raw materials to reduce transportation costs

(input > final product)

This was the answer

Question 12

What is the:

Bulk-Gaining Industry

(Because input weighs less than the final product, plant … is near … to reduce trnasportation …s)

Answer 12

Because input weighs less than the final products, plant location is near market to reduce transportation costs

This was the answer

Question 13

What is:

Just in Time Delivery

(Parts are sent to … right as they are …, reducing need for … space)

Answer 13

Parts are sent to facotry right as they are needed, reducing need for warehouse space

This was the answer

Question 14

What is:

Complementarity

(… is greater if each side has something the other …/…)

Answer 14

Trade is greater if each side has something the other wants or needs

This was the answer

Question 15

What is:

Comparative Advantage

(When each trade partner … in what they are … at)

Answer 15

When each trade partner specializes in what they are good at

This was the answer

Question 16

What is:

Agglomeration

(When a large number of … and … cluster together and benefit from the cost … and … in efficiency that result from this …)

Answer 16

When a large number of companies and industries cluster together and benefit from the cost reductions and gains in efficiency that result from this proximity

This was the answer

Question 17

What is:

Deglomeration

(The “…” of similar … due to …)

Answer 17

The “unclumping” of similar businesses due to overcrowding

This was the answer

Question 18

What is the:

Footloose Industry

(The … that produces a lightweight … that is very …, location is not much of an issue. (ex. … chips, …)

Answer 18

The industry that produces a lightweight product that is very valueable, location is not much of an issue (ex. computer chips, diamonds)

This was the answer

Question 19

What is a:

Technopole

(An … (clustering) of high tech … in a …)

Answer 19

An agglomeration (clustering) of high tech businesses in a region (ex. Sillicon valley, California)

This was the answer

Question 20

What is:

Friction of Distance

(Increasing distance equals increased … and …)

Answer 20

Increasing distance equals increased time and cost

(Increasing distance=increased time and $$)

This was the answer

Question 21

What is:

Distance Decay

(The diminishing in importance and evetual … of a … with increasing distance from its …)

Answer 21

The diminishing in importance and eventual dissapearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin

This was the answer

Question 22

What is:

Gross National Income (GNI)

(Value of the output of … produced in a … annually, including … that leaves and enters the …)

Answer 22

Value of the output of goods and services produced in a country annually, including money that leaves and enters the country

This was the answer

Question 23

What is the:

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

(Value of the output of … and … produced in a … annually, but doesn’t include … that leaves and enters the …)

Answer 23

Value of the output of goods and services producd in a country annually, but doesn’t include money that leaves and enters the country

This was the answer

Question 24

What is:

Purchasing Power parity

(Cost of … adjustment made to the …)

Answer 24

Cost of living adjustment made to the GNI (Gross National Income)

This was the answer

Question 25

# What is the: Formal Economy ## Footnote (Legal ... thats taxed and ... by a ... and is included in a government's ...)

Answer 25

Legal economy that's taxed and monitored by a government and is included in a government's Gross National Product (any job taxed and regulated by the government) ## Footnote This was the answer

Question 26

# What is the: Informal Economy ## Footnote (... activity thats neither ... nor ... by a government; and isn't included in that ...'s ... (drug money, ... from ..., money from ...)

Answer 26

Economic activity that's neither taxed nor monitored by a government; and isn't included in that government's Gross National Product (drug money, money from chores, money from odd jobs) ## Footnote This was the answer

Question 27

# What is the: Gender Inequality Index ## Footnote (Measures the amount of ... ... in a country based on multiple ...)

Answer 27

Measures the amount of gender inequality in a country based on multiple metrics (empowerment, labor force, reproductive health) ## Footnote This was the answer

Question 28

# What are: Microloans ## Footnote (Small ... or other ... services provided to individuals or ... ... in developing ...)

Answer 28

Small loans or other financial services provided to individuals or small businesses in developing countries ## Footnote This was the answer

Question 29

# What is: Wallerstein's World System Theory ## Footnote (A ... that unified the ... ... with developed ... forming an inner ... area, whereas ... countries occupy ... locations)

Answer 29

A theory that unified the world economy with developed countries forming an inner core area, whereas devloping countries occupy peripheral locations (Core Periphery model) ## Footnote This was the answer

Question 30

# What is: Uneven development ## Footnote (An increasing gap in ... conditions between ... and ... regions as a result of the glo... of the ...)

Answer 30

An increasing gap in economic conditons between core and peripheral regions as a result of the globalization of the economy ## Footnote This was the answer

Question 31

# What is the: Dependency Theory ## Footnote (A ... that the world ... benefits rich ... and hamrs other ... by making them reliant on core ...)

Answer 31

A theory that the world economy benefits rich societies and harms other countries by making them reliant on core countries ## Footnote This was the answer

Question 32

# What is: Rostow's Model ## Footnote (A model that suggests it was possible for all ... to break the vicious cycle of ... and develop throught the 5 linear ... (... and ...)

Answer 32

A model that suggests it was possible for all countries to break the vicious cycle of poverty and devlop through the 5 linear stages (industrialization and deindustrialization) ## Footnote This was the answer

Question 33

# What are: Free Trade Agreements ## Footnote (A ... between ... or more ... to reduce ... to imports and ... among them)

Answer 33

A pact between 2 or more nations to reduce barriers to imports and exports among them ## Footnote This was the answer

Question 34

# What is a: Export Processing Zone ## Footnote (Also called a ... ... ..., is an industrial area that is operated according to different policies that than the rest of the ... in which it is located in order to ... and ... ...-oriented production)

Answer 34

Also called a free trade zone, is an industrial area that is operated according to different policies that than the rest of the country in which it is located in order to attract and support export-oriented production ## Footnote This was the answer

Question 35

# What is a: Special Economic Zone ## Footnote (... ... ... established in ..., as part of a national policy to create a more open ...-... economy)

Answer 35

Export Processing zone established in China, as part of a national policy to create a more open, market-oriented economy ## Footnote This was the answer

Question 36

# What's the: New International Division of Labor ## Footnote (An outcome of ... and ... of our world ... It is a shift of ... industries from ... countries to devloping ...)

Answer 36

An outcome of globalization and interconnectedness of our world economy. It is a shift of manufacturing industries from developed countries to developing countries ## Footnote This was the answer

Question 37

# What is: Outsourcing ## Footnote (The business practice of hiring a ... outside a company to perform ... and create goods that traditionally were performed in-house by company's own ... and ...)

Answer 37

The business practice of hiring a party outside a company to perform services and create goods that traditionally were performed in-house by company's own emloyees and staff ## Footnote This was the answer

Question 38

# What is a: Maquiladora ## Footnote (A ... that allows ... to be largely ... free and ...-free)

Answer 38

A country that allows factories to be largely tax free and tariff-free. ## Footnote This was the answer

Question 39

# What is: Fordist Production ## Footnote (A form of ... ... in which each worker is assigned one specific ... to preform repeatedly, usually on an ...)

Answer 39

A form of mass production in which each worker is assigned one specific task to preform repeatedly, usually on an assembly ## Footnote This was the answer

Question 40

# What is: Post-Fordist Production ## Footnote (Automation - ... and ... systems - replaces the human ... line)

Answer 40

Automation - robots and computer systems - replaces the human assembly line ## Footnote This was the answer

Question 41

# What is the: Basic Industry ## Footnote (Exports primarily to ... outside the ...)

Answer 41

Exports primarily to customers outside the settlement ## Footnote This was the answer

Question 42

# What is the: Non-Basic Industry ## Footnote (Serves primarily ... living in the ... settlement)

Answer 42

Serves primarily customers living in the same settlement ## Footnote This was the answer

Question 43

# What is: Economies of Scale ## Footnote (A cost advantage gained by ... when production becomes efficient. ... can achieve this by increasing ... and lowering ...)

Answer 43

A cost advantage gained by companies when production becomes efficient. Companies can achieve this by increasing production and lowering costs ## Footnote This was the answer

Question 44

# What is the: Multiplier Effect ## Footnote (Additional ... oppurtunities that can be generated. For example, a ... deciding to establish a ... ... will create other ... benefits)

Answer 44

Additional economic oppurtunites that can be generated. For example, a corporation deciding to establish a new location will create other economic benefits. ## Footnote This was the answer

Question 45

# What is: Sustainable Development ## Footnote (The use of ... ... in a way that meets the needs of the ... without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own ...)

Answer 45

The use of natural resources in a way that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs ## Footnote This was the answer

Question 46

# What is: Ecotourism ## Footnote (A form of ... based on the enjoyment of ... areas and natural ...s, that aims to provide an experience of ... or culture in an ... sustainable way)

Answer 46

A form of tourism based on the enjoyment of scenic areas and natural wonders, that aims to provide an experience of nature or culture in an environmentally sustainable way ## Footnote This was the answer

Question 47

# What is: Fair Trade ## Footnote (Agreement between a ... .... country with a more developed ..., ensures fair prices for products such as ... and ..., and money is used to cover a ... ..., shelter, ... and an education)

Answer 47

Agreement between a less developed country with a more developed country, ensures fair prices for products such as coffee and chocolate, and money is used to cover a basic wage, shelter, food, and an education ## Footnote This was the answer

Question 48

# What are the: UN Sustainable Development Goals ## Footnote (Goals adopted by the ... ... member stares in ... as a universal call to action to end ..., protect the ..., and ensure that all people enjoy ... and ... by 2030)

Answer 48

Goals adopted by the United Nations Member States in 2015 as a universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure that all people enjoy peace and properity by 2030 ## Footnote This was the answer