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AP Human Geography Chapter 1- Basic Concepts > AP Human Geography Chapter 1- Basic Concepts > Flashcards

AP Human Geography Chapter 1- Basic Concepts Flashcards

1
Q

atmosphere

A

the thin layer of gases surrounding Earth

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2
Q

biosphere

A

All living organisms on Earth, including plants and animals, as well as microorganisms.

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3
Q

cartography

A

the science of mapmaking

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4
Q

climate

A

average weather in a place

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5
Q

concentration

A

extent of feature’s spread over space

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6
Q

contagious diffusion

A

the rapid, widespread diffusion of a feature of trend throughout a population

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7
Q

cultural ecology

A

a geographic approach that emphasizes human-environment relationships

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8
Q

cultural landscape

A

the fashioning of a natural landscape by a cultural group

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9
Q

culture

A

the body of customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits that together constitute a group’s distinct tradition

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10
Q

density

A

the frequency with which something exists within a given unit of area.

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11
Q

diffusion

A

the process of spread of a feature or trend from one place to another over time.

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12
Q

distance decay

A

the diminishing in importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin

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13
Q

distribution

A

arrangement of something across Earth’s surface

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14
Q

ecosystem

A

a group of living organisms and the abiotic spheres with which they interact.

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15
Q

environmental determinism

A

a nineteenth- and early twentieth-centuray approach to the study of geography with argued that the general laws sought by human geographers could be found in the physical sciences. Geography was therefore the study of how the physical environment caused human activities.

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16
Q

equator

A

latitude at 0°.

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17
Q

equal-area projection

A

a map projection that shows the sizes of regions in correct relation to one another but distorts shapes

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18
Q

expansion diffusion

A

the spread of a feature or trend among people from one area to another in an additive process

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19
Q

formal region

A

an area in which everyone shares in common one or more distinctive characteristics

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20
Q

functional region

A

an area organized around a node or focal point

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21
Q

GIScience

A

the development and analysis of data about Earth acquired through satellite and other electronic information technologies.

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22
Q

GIS

A

a computer system that stores, organizes, analyzes, and displays geographic data.

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23
Q

GPS

A

a system that determines the precise position of something on Earth through a series of satellites, tracking stations, and receivers.

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24
Q

globalization

A

actions or processes that involve the entire world and result in making something worldwide in scope

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25
Q

GMT

A

the time in the zone encompassing the prime meridian, or 0° longitude.

26
Q

hearth

A

the region from which innovative ideas originate

27
Q

hierarchical diffusion

A

the spread of a feature or trend from one key person or node of authority or power to other persons or places.

28
Q

housing bubble

A

a rapid increase in the value of houses followed by a sharp decline in their value

29
Q

international date line

A

an arc that for the most part follows 180 degrees longitude, although it deviates in several places to avoid dividing land areas. When you cross it heading towards America, you gain a day. When you cross it towards Asia, you lose a day.

30
Q

latitude

A

indicates parallels drawn on a globe and measuring distance north and south of the equator. ‘fatitude’

31
Q

location

A

the position of anything on Earth’s surface.

32
Q

longitude

A

indicates the location of meridians drawn on a globe and measuring distance east and west of the prime meridian

33
Q

map projection

A

a system used to transfer locations from Earth’s surface to a flat map

34
Q

map scale

A

the relationship between the size of an object on a map and the size of the actual feature on Earth’s surface

35
Q

mercator projection

A

a true conformal cylindrical map projection, the Mercator projection is particularly uyseful for navigation because it maintains accurate direction. Mercator projections are famous for their distortion in area that makes landmasses at the poles appear oversized

36
Q

mental math

A

an internal representation of a portion of Earth’s surface based on what an individual knows about a place, containing personal impressions of what is in a place and where places are located

37
Q

meridian

A

an arc drawn on a map between the North and South poles

38
Q

network

A

a chain of communication that connects places

39
Q

nonrenewable research

A

something produced in nature more slowly than it is consumed by humans

40
Q

parallel

A

a circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator and at right angles to the meridians

41
Q

pattern

A

the geometric or regular arrangement of something in a study area

42
Q

place

A

specific point on Earth distinguished by a particular characteristic

43
Q

possibilism

A

the theory that the physical environment may set limits on human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to the physical environment and choose a course of action from many alternatives

44
Q

preservation

A

maintenance of a resource in its present condition, with as little human impact as possible

45
Q

prime meridian

A

the meridian, designated at 0° longitude, that passes through the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, England

46
Q

region

A

an area distinguished by a unique combination of trends or features

47
Q

regional studies

A

an approach to geography that emphasizes the relationships among social and physical phenomena in a particular study area

48
Q

relocation diffusion

A

the spread of a feature or trend through bodily movement of people from one place to another

49
Q

remote sensing

A

the acquisition of data about earth’s surface form a satellite orbiting the planet or form other long-distance methods

50
Q

robinson projection

A

projection that attempts to balance several possible projection errors. It does not maintain completely accurate area, shape, distance, or direction, but it minimizes errors in each

51
Q

renewable resource

A

something produced in nature more rapidly than consumed by humans

52
Q

scale

A

generally, the relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and Earth as a whole

53
Q

site

A

the physical character of a place

54
Q

situation

A

the location of a place relative to another place

55
Q

space-time compression

A

the reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place as a result of improved communications and transportation systems

56
Q

spatial analysis

A

examining geographic patterns to identify relationships; Thinking necessary to answer questions like: Why is what where? What are the patterns?

57
Q

stimulus diffusion

A

the spread of an underlying principle even though a specific characteristic is rejected

58
Q

sustainability

A

the use of earth’s renewable and nonrenewable natural resources in ways that do not constrain resource use in the future

59
Q

toponym

A

the name given to a portion of earth’s surface

60
Q

transnational corperation

A

a company that conducts research, operates factories, and sells products in many countries, not just where its headquarters or shareholders are located

61
Q

uneven development

A

the increasing gap in economic conditions between core and peripheral regions as a result of the globalization of the economy

62
Q

vernacular region

A

an area that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity (the South)

AP Human Geography Chapter 1- Basic Concepts (1 decks)

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