ap human units 5-7

Question 1

Agricultural Landscapes

Answer 1

the visible outcomes of the interaction between agriculture, natural resources and the environment, and encompass amenity, cultural, and other societal values

Question 2

Deforestation

Answer 2

the purposeful clearing of forested land

Question 3

Reservoirs

Answer 3

Long natural artificial lake that is used for water supply

Question 4

Aquifers

Answer 4

a body of rock or sediment that holds groundwater

Question 5

Salinization

Answer 5

the process by which water-soluble salts accumulate in the soil

Question 6

Debt-For-Nature Swap

Answer 6

financial transactions in which a portion of a developing nation’s foreign debt is forgiven in exchange for local investments in environmental conservation measures

Question 7

Biotechnology

Answer 7

the use of biology to develop new products, methods and organisms intended to improve human health and society

Question 8

Precision Agriculture

Answer 8

the science of improving crop yields and assisting management decisions using high technology sensor and analysis tools

Question 9

Food Insecurity

Answer 9

household-level economic and social condition of limited or uncertain access to adequate food

Question 10

Food Security

Answer 10

All people having access to sustainable and adequate food that meets dietary needs

Question 11

Economy of Scale

Answer 11

the cost advantages a company gains with the increase in production

Question 12

Mixed crop and livestock systems

Answer 12

a sustainable practice that combines crop cultivation and livestock rearing on the same farm

Question 13

GMOs

Answer 13

an animal, plant, or microbe whose DNA has been altered using genetic engineering techniques

Question 14

Infrastructure

Answer 14

the basic physical systems of a business, region, or nation and often involves the production of public goods or production processes

Question 15

Dual Agricultural Economy

Answer 15

An economy in which modern industries, mines, or plantation agriculture exist side-by-side with backward sectors, with little interaction between them.

Question 16

Agribusiness

Answer 16

commerce in farming and farming-related activities

Question 17

Vertical Integration

Answer 17

a business strategy in which a company takes ownership of two or more key stages of its supply chain

Question 18

Tariffs

Answer 18

taxes imposed by one country on goods or services imported from another country

Question 19

Cash Crop

Answer 19

agricultural crops that are planted for the purpose of selling on the market or for export to make profit

Question 20

First Agricultural Revolution

Answer 20

the wide-scale transition of many human cultures during the Neolithic period in Afro-Eurasia from a lifestyle of hunting and gathering to one of agriculture and settlement

Question 21

Second Agricultural Revolution

Answer 21

It involved the mechanization of agricultural production, advances in transportation, development of large-scale irrigation, and changes to consumption patterns of agricultural goods.

Question 22

Third Agricultural Revolution (GREEN)

Answer 22

an array of improvements in plant breeds and agrochemicals resulting in a huge boom in crop yields and a reduction of hunger worldwide.

Question 23

fair trade

Answer 23

a trading partnership, based on dialogue, transparency and respect, that seeks greater equity in international trade

Question 24

market gardening

Answer 24

the commercial production of vegetables, fruits, flowers and other plants on a scale larger than a home garden, yet small enough that many of the principles of gardening are applicable

Question 25

transhumance

Answer 25

The moving of cattle and livestock up and down for better grazing during different seasons

Question 26

Agriculture

Answer 26

the science, art, or practice of cultivating the soil, producing crops, and raising livestock and in varying degrees the preparation and marketing of the resulting products

Question 27

Subsistence Agriculture

Answer 27

farming or a system of farming that provides all or almost all the goods required by the farm family usually without any significant surplus for sale

Question 28

Commercial agriculture

Answer 28

farming that focuses on producing agricultural products for sale in the market rather than solely for subsistence purposes

Question 29

Bid-Rent Theory

Answer 29

a geographical economic theory that refers to how the price and demand for real estate change as the distance from the central business district (CBD) increases

Question 30

Intensive Agriculture

Answer 30

farming that uses a lot of machinery, labor, chemicals

Question 31

Monoculture

Answer 31

the cultivation or growth of a single crop or organism especially on agricultural or forest land

Question 32

Plantation Agriculture

Answer 32

he production of one or more usually cash crops on a large swathe of land

Question 33

Extensive Agriculture

Answer 33

system of crop cultivation using small amounts of labor and capital in relation to area of land being farmed

Question 34

Domestication

Answer 34

the process of adapting wild plants and animals for human use