AP Lab Quiz 1 Flashcards
1
Q
Superior
A
Up
2
Q
Inferior
A
Down
3
Q
Anterior
A
Front
4
Q
Posterior
A
Back
5
Q
Medial
A
Towards the midline
6
Q
Lateral
A
Away from the midline
7
Q
Proximal
A
Towards the point of attachment
8
Q
Distal
A
Away from the point of attachment
9
Q
Diaphragm
A
Divides the thoracic and abdominal cavity
10
Q
Visceral
A
The layer touching the organ
11
Q
What type of microscope do we use in class?
A
Compound microscope
12
Q
The image we see in the microscope is…
A
Upside down and backwards
13
Q
Two top lenses of the microscope and their magnification
A
Ocular lenses, 10x magnification
14
Q
The bottom three lenses
A
Scanning 4x, low power 10x, and high power 40-45x
15
Q
Total magnification
A
Multiple ocular lense by the objective lense
16
Q
As we increase magnification, the field of view gets
A
Smaller
17
Q
Parfocal
A
As you go from lower to higher magnification, the microscope stays in focus
18
Q
Nucleus
A
Contains DNA
19
Q
Nucleolus
A
inside the nucleus and produces ribosomes
20
Q
Ribosomes
A
Synthesises proteins
21
Q
Rough ER
A
Synthesises proteins, surrounded by ribosomes
22
Q
Smooth ER
A
Synthesises lipids
23
Q
Lipids
A
A source of energy, provides protection by surrounding organs
24
Q
Three sources of energy
A
Carbs, lipids, protein
25
Golgi apparatus
Makes carbs and packages carbs, lipids, and proteins into little vesicles and ships them out to different parts of the body as needed
26
Lysosome
Breaks down cellular waste
27
Mitochondria
Provides energy in the form of ATP
28
Centrioles
Cell division
29
Four types of tissue
Epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous tissue
30
Simple squamous
Lines blood vessels
31
Stratified squamous
Lines the esophagus and some reproductive organs like the vagina
32
Simple cuboidal
Lines kidney tubules and liver cells
33
Stratified cuboidal
Lines the sweat glands
34
Simple columnar
Found in small and large intestines. Has specialisations such as, brush borders called cilia which help move substances across the cell
35
Columnar cells have…
Goblet cells which produce mucous that help cilia move substances across the cell
36
Stratified columnar cells
Rare and can be found in the pancreas and salivary glands
37
Transitional epithelium
only found in the lining of the bladder and can expand up to 3-4x it’s size
38
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Only 1 layer, located in the trachea, also has goblet cells and cilia
39
Connective tissue
Has cushioning effect, supports and protects organs, has fibers called collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers
40
Collagen fibers are …
Proteins, the strongest fiber, gives compact bone it strength, tensile strength
41
Elastic fibers
Proteins, contain elastin, slight elasticity, found in blood vessels and skin
42
Reticular fibers
Strong and flexible, form a network for the lymphatic system
43
Areolar connective tissue
Most common, found beneath skin and muscle
44
Adipose connective tissue
Found on the walls of our organs, stored as yellow marrow
45
Reticular connective tissue
Forms network for lymphatic system
46
Loose connective tissue
Areolar, adipose and reticular
47
Dense connective tissue
Dense regular, dense irregular, and elastic connective tissue
48
Dense regular connective tissue
A lot of collagen fibers, makes up tendons and ligaments
49
Tendons
Connect muscle to bone
50
Ligaments
Connect bone to bone
51
Dense irregular connective tissue
Has less collagen and more elastic fibers, found in the dermis
52
Elastic connective tissue
Found in skin, arteries and structures of developing fetus
53
Diffusion
Movement of a molecule from a greater concentration to a lower concentration through a semi-permeable membrane
54
Osmosis
Movement of water from an area of high concentration to low concentration through a semi-permeable membrane
55
Diffusion and osmosis use …. Energy
Kinetic energy, it’s passive transport
56
A solution is made up of two parts
Solute and solvent
57
Solute
Smaller amount
58
Solvent
Larger amount
59
RBC in isotonic solution
Has no effect
60
RBC in hypotonic solution
RBC would expand and lyse. RBC loses salt and gains water.
61
RBC in hypertonic solution
Loses water, gains salt. Cell crenates.
62
Mitosis
Division of a cells nuclear material
63
Largest phase of the cell cycle
Interphase
64
G1 Phase
Where a cell starts to grow
65
S Phase
Cell continues growth and begins replication
66
G2 Phase
Final growth and division before mitosis
67
Mitosis starts with…
One parent cell and ends with two daughter cells
68
Stages of mitosis
PMAT
69
Prophase
Centrioles move to opposite sides of the cell, the nuclear membrane disappears, and the mitotic spindles form between the two pairs of centrioles
70
Metaphase
Chromosomes in the center align horizontally across the middle of the cell, attach to the mitotic spindles, and form the metaphase plate
71
Anaphase
Shortest phase of mitosis. The chromosomes that are aligned separate as chromatids and become daughter chromosomes and go to opposite sides of the cell.
72
Telophase
The center crimps inward and forms the cleavage furrow, the nuclear membrane starts to reform and the mitotic spindles disappear
73
Cytokinesis
When telophase ends, the cleave furrow continues until the cell is divided into two identical daughter cells
74
Layers of the skin
Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis
75
Thick skin
Located on the soles of feet and palms of hands
76
1st layer of thick skin
Stratum corneum
77
2nd layer of thick skin
Stratum lucidum (only found in thick skin)
78
3rd layer of thick skin
Stratum granulosum
79
4th layer of thick skin
Stratum spinosum
80
5th layer of thick skin
Stratum basale
81
Meissner’s corpuscle
Detects light pressure
82
Sebaceous glands
Secretes oil
83
Sudoriferous gland
Sweat gland
84
Arrector pili muscle
contracts to pull on hair
85
Adipose tissue
Cushioning, energy
86
Pacinian carpucle
Detects deep pressure
87
Compact bone
The outside edge where all the strength is
88
Osteon
around structure, main component of compact bone
89
Haversian canal
Travels through the center of the osteon
90
Lamella
Ring of bone around the haversian canal
91
Collagen fibers (bone)
Overlapping fibers found within the lamella that give compact bone it’s strength
92
Lacuna
Small cavities between the bone lamella; contains an osteocyte
93
Canaliculi
Pass through the lamella; provides blood flow; connects one osteocyte with another osteocyte
94
Volkmans canal
Channels that permit blood flow
95
Periosteum
Outside of the bone
