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Anesth. Hazards, Precautions & Personel Protection > AP - Lec 1 Questions First (Hazards) > Flashcards

AP - Lec 1 Questions First (Hazards) Flashcards

1
Q

3 main hazards anest. are presented with

A

chemical vapors, ionizing radiation, infectious agents

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2
Q

3 additional hazards anest. are faced with

A

phsychological stress, occupational rx abuse, suicide (wat?)

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3
Q

NIOSH acronym

A

National institute for occupational safety and health

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4
Q

NIOSH responsibilities

A

education, research, health standards, publish documentation

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5
Q

OSHA Acronym

A

Occupational Safety & Health Administration

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6
Q

OSHA Responsibilities

A

enacting job health standards by investigating violations and enforcing standards

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7
Q

Physical Hazards

A

Trace anesthetic gases can cause: ^ risk spontaneous abortion, birth defects, decreased fecundability

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8
Q

Physical Hazards 2

A

lifting heavy weights, >46 hour work weeks, changing work shift

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9
Q

Trace gas cancer risk

A

1.3-2x increase in females. no risk in males

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10
Q

What is methylmethacrylate?

A

cement type substance used in hip/knee reconstruction

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11
Q

Methylmethacrylate risks

A

exposure for factory workers <8 hours. Can cause: respiratory (asthma) cutaneous genitourinary ellergic sensitizer

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12
Q

Halothane (hepatitis) stats

A

1:35k adults, 1:200k children

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13
Q

What are some chemical hazards?

A

Methylmethacrylate, halothane, chemotherapy

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14
Q

Chemotherapy protocols

A

special gown, mask, shoe covering

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15
Q

Radiation situations for exposure (4)

A

radiographs (angiography), fluoroscopy, radiation therapy, PACU

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16
Q

Proper Precautions (PPE) for radiation hazards

A

lead aprons & shield, dosimeters, maintaining distance: e=1/d^2

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17
Q

Lazer Hazards

A

thermal burns, eye injury, electrical hazards, fire & explosion

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18
Q

Lazer Plume Hazards

A

can contain viral DNA and toxic chemicals: HPV, HIV, HBV

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19
Q

Laser Protection Gear

A

high-efficiency laser mask

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20
Q

Hazards of long work hours

A

error attributed to fatigue: 64%, impaired health, emotional problems, performance decline

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21
Q

Infection transmission of agents require (6):

A

source, stabile pathogen, adequate numbers, infectivity of agent, appropriate vector, portal of entry

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22
Q

Respiratory transmission (2)

A

Aerosolization: Small particle aerosolize by coughing, sneezing Self innoculation: direct oral, nasal, or conjuctival exposure

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23
Q

Aerosolization risks

A

influenza, measles, rhinovirus, tuberculosis

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24
Q

self inoculation risks

A

rhinovirus, respiratory syncital virus

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25
Influenza
orthomyxoviridae
26
Influenza facts:
Easily transmitted, us 36k deaths, 200k hospitalization morbidity rare in healthy individuals, respiratory isolation, precautions: immunized annually (new strains)
27
h1n1 spanish flu A
Most common in ages 25-34
28
Rubeola & Rubella
Paramyxoviridae
29
Rubeola aka measles transmission
Aerosolization
30
Rubeola/measles info
highly infective (90% of households), rash & spots, fever and 3 cs
31
3 c's
cough, coryza, conjuctivitis
32
Coryza
cold' of upper respiratory tract
33
Conjunctivitis
eye infection,pinkeye
34
Rubeola complications
diarrhea, pneumonia, encephalitis M 1:1000, 30% immunosuppressed
35
Rubella is known as
german measles
36
rubella facts
most adults immune, miscarriages 1st trimester, cause birth defects or fetal death, congenital rubella syndrome, health care worker is at increased risk 13x.
37
mumps known as
epidemic parotitis
38
how is mumps spread
airborn droplets
39
symptoms of mumps
swelling salivary & paratid glands Not severe in children most often children 5-9 yo
40
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) latin name
paramyxoviridae
41
RSV impact on children
most common cause of lower respiratory disease 60% infants 100% 2-3 yo
42
RSV spreads how?
self-inoculation
43
RSV active on surface for
6 hours
44
RSV is shed after __ days
7
45
RSV after infection
can cause asthma symptoms in young kids for up to 6 months
46
Rhinovirus facts
most common viral infective agents in humans, and major cause of the common cold
47
Rhinovirus transmission:
self-inoculation and/or aerosolized
48
Rhinovirus types
110 serologic virus types responsible for approx 50% of all cases of common cold
49
Herpes Virus, varieties & number
8 varieties VZV varicella-zoster, HSV 1&2, CMV
50
Vericella-zoster
chickenpox & shingles
51
Vericella-zoster communicability
1-2 days before and 5-6 days after
52
Vericella-zoster titer
necessary for unknown history
53
Herpes Symplex Type 1 symptoms
Severe oral lesions fever adenopathy
54
Herpes Type 1 transmission
self inoculation or direct contact
55
Herpes Type 1 Encephalitis
70% mortality w/o Tx
56
Herpes Type 1 Ocular
blindness
57
Herpes Type 1 Asymptomatic %
5%
58
CMV Occurrence
40-90% have antibodies, occurs during childhood
59
CMV transmission
direct contact (unlikely aerosols)
60
CMV & pregnancy
infection during pregnancy can cuase 2.5% fatal infection, 10% congenital CMV syndrome.
61
CMV
No greater risk of infection than personel with no pt contact
62
Hepatits Source of Virus
A feces B fluids C fluids D fluids E feces
63
Hepatitis Roule of Transmission
A fecal-oral B percutaneous permucosa C percutaneous permucosa D percutaneous permucosa E fecal-oral
64
Hepatitis Chronic infection
A no B yes C yes D yes E no
65
Hepatisis Prevention
A pre/post-exposure immunization B pre/post-exposure immunization C blood donor screening; risk behavior modification D pre/post-exposure immunization, risk behavior modification E ensure safe drinking water
66
Hepatitis B Prevalence
3-5% in US Seroconversion up to 30% 5% develop chronic hepatitis which develops into ESLD 1% develop fulminant hepatitis (\<70% mortality)
67
Hep B Transmission
sexual contact, shared needles/syringes, perinatally
68
Hep B primary prevention
HBV vaccines
69
Hep C: Liver
leading cause of liver disease in US, 9k cases per year
70
HCV prevalence
3% in us 60% HCV infected pts will have chronic heptatitis, cirrhosis seroconversion 1.8%
71
HIV %'s
Seroconversion .3% Percutaneous exposure, 0. 1% mucous membrane exposure
72
HIV risks
visible blood on device deep injury needle placed intravascular terminal illness (death within 2 months)
73
Tuberculosis transmission
bacilli on airborn particles 1-5 microns
74
Tuberculosis infection/mortality rates
7-8 million infected per year, 8000 die per day
75
TB groups with high risk
personel contacts with active TB immigrants alcoholics homeless iv users
76
TB Protection
N95 mask
77
TB immune response to limit spread
2-10 weeks
78
TB detection
skin test PPD
79
TB & surgery
should be delayed until pt is no longer infectious non elective procedures should be sched for end of day wear high efficiency filter (99.7% particles)
80
TB & the OR
TB pt should be transported from isolation room wearing a mask OR door should be closed with minimal traffic Few # of other pt's in OR optimal End of day, use bacterial filter btw anesthesia circuit and airway.

Anesth. Hazards, Precautions & Personel Protection (1 decks)

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