AP Music Theory Vocabulary Flashcards
(99 cards)
1
Q
Augmentation
A
note value is doubles/made larger
2
Q
Diminution
A
note value is halved or made smaller
3
Q
Sequence
A
Pitch and rhythmic pattern repeated at different pitch levels
4
Q
Meter
A
synonym for time signature
5
Q
Tempo
A
pace
6
Q
Time signature
A
how many beats per bar and what note value gets the beat
7
Q
Phrygian half
A
iv to V half cadence
8
Q
Harmonic rhythm
A
Rate at which harmony changes
9
Q
Voice leading
A
how one chord moves to the next
10
Q
Oblique motion
A
one voice stationary, one voice moves
11
Q
Consonance
A
pleasing to the ear
12
Q
Dissonance
A
displeasing to the ear
13
Q
Tendency Tone
A
How a note wants to resolve. eg. raised note wanted to resolve up
14
Q
Picardy third
A
3rd in a minor key but final chord is Major I
15
Q
Anacrusis
A
pickup; upbeat; pick up note or figure
16
Q
Monophony, monophonic
A
one sound/voice, no harmony or accompaniment. Ex. Chanting
17
Q
Contrapuntal
A
voices working against each other creating harmony
18
Q
Motif
A
theme
19
Q
Cadenza
A
A place for a soloist to showcase his/her strength
20
Q
Cadential extension
A
delay of cadence by addition of material
21
Q
coda
A
conclusion of a composition
22
Q
codetta
A
marks end of sonatas, perfect cadence
23
Q
coutour
A
shape of melody
24
Q
Phrase elision
A
when the last note of one phrase serves as the first note of the second
25
fragmented motive
division of a musical idea into segments
26
Bridge
a contrasting section work which also prepares for the return of the original material of a section
27
turnaround
passage at the end of a section which leads to the next section often repetition of the previous section
28
twelve-bar blues
3 4-bar phrases, aab or abc pattern
29
conjunct
stepwise
30
disjunct
intervals larger than a second
31
extended version
phrase extended in the upbeat, body, or cadence portions of the phrase
32
fragmentation
little parts of melodic material
33
internal expansion
phrase extends beyond the expected phrase length
34
melodic inversion
melody flipped upside down with same rhythm
35
literal repetition
sequence repeated exactly
36
motivic transformation
when rhythm these is changed
37
octave displacement
take melody line and moving same notes to a different octave
38
retrograde
backwards
39
rhythmic transformation
multiplication, rotation, permutation, transportation, inversion, and combinations there of involving rhythm
40
sequential repetition
transposing a longer sequence to a different scale degree
41
shortened version
abbreviated version of a piece
42
transposition
moving key of an entire work
43
truncation
has been shortened
44
motive
smallest recognizable musical idea
45
period
musical unit usually within 2 phrases
46
antecedent
first phrase (question)
47
consequent
second phrase (answer)
48
contrasting period
begin different and end different
49
double period
2 periods put together ie. 4 phrases
50
parallel period
phrases begin the same
51
phrase group
3+ phrases with tonal and/or thematic design elements that group them
52
refrain
section of song tat repeats with same music/text
53
binary
composition organized in 2 sections, usually each section is repeated. AB
54
rounded binary
binary form in which melodic or motivic features in the initial phrase return the end of the piece A[BA]
55
ternary
composition decided in 3 sections, outer section usually same, ABA
56
Strophic
AAAAA....
57
Medley or chain form
AABBCCDD...
58
solo, soli
melodic line, solo=one person, soli=the section
59
stanza
2+ sections of a song with similar music and different lyrics
60
theme
main feel/melody of a piece
61
thematic transformation
change of theme using permutation, aug, dim, fragmentation
62
through composed
composition with no reoccurring section
63
tutti
all together
64
variation
material altered during repetition
65
verse
different set of words to same music
66
slash or +
raised a half step
67
Imperfect authentic cadence
V (inversion) --> I (no tonic in soprano)
68
perfect authentic cadence
V-I
69
conclusive cadence
cadence ending with tonic chord
70
Deceptive cadence
V-vi
71
Half
anything-V
72
Phrygian half
iv-V
73
Inconclusive cadence
cadence not ending on tonic chord
74
Plagal
IV-I
75
Augmented triad
M3, A5
76
diminished triad
m3, d5
77
Major triad
M3, P5
78
minor triad
m3, P5
79
Major 7 chord
major-major
80
dominant 7 chord
major-minor
81
minor 7 chord
Minor-minor
82
half-diminished 7 chord
diminished-minor
83
fully diminished 7 chord
diminished-diminished
84
tonic function
2 notes played successively in a melodic interval
85
dominant function
creates instability that requires tonic to release tension
86
predominant function
any chord that leads to a dominant chord
87
common tone modulation
point of modulation is on a single note, using a common tone to move between 2 keys
88
phrase modulation
Direct modulation between 2 phrases, new phrase begins in new key following a cadence
89
pivot chord modulation
Modulation involving a chord that has a clear harmonic function in both keys
90
neighboring chord
chords next to each other in scale degree rank
91
rate or harmonic change
rate at which the chords change or the harmony changes in a piece
92
realize realization of a figured bass
understanding the structure of a figured bass
93
realization of a four-part roman numeral progression
writing 4 part voices, rolling 18 c voice leading rules
94
retrogression
harmonic motions of chords that moves to a chord more distant from tonic
95
secondary leading tone chord
a chord built on a secondary leading tone
96
tonicization
a chord other than tonic that briefly function as tonic
97
Cadential 64 chord
- happens at cadence point
- 164-V at cadence point
- Ex. 164-V-1
98
Passing 64 chord
bass moves by step
99
Auxilary 64 chord
bass is constant
