AP Psych Abnormal

Question 0

abnormal

Answer 0

low frequency in statistics OR outside socially accepted standards OR maladaptive (aka interferes with daily functioning)

Question 1

psychological disorder

Answer 1

pattern of thought, feelings, or behavior that are deviant, distressful and dysfunctional; causes distress to person and lead to harmful dysfunction

Question 2

appropriate terms

Answer 2

• someone with a mental disorder/struggles/psychological dysfunction
• mentally ill person
• person who suffers with a psychological disorder (BEST)

Question 3

insane

Answer 3

legal term to describe mentally disturbed people who are not considered responsible for their criminal actions and would spend more time in mental institutions rather than jail

Question 4

models of understanding

Answer 4

• medical/biological: psychological disorders are diseases with physical causes (physiological or biochemical dysfunctions) that can be diagnosed, treated, and, in most cases, cured in a hospital setting
• psychoanalytic: psychological disorders derive from unconscious conflict
• cognitive-behavioral: psychological disorders derive from distorted learning and cognitive processes (negative reinforcement in operant conditioning or practice of learned helplessness)
• diathesis-stress: psychological disorders have biological predispositions that are triggered by stress
• biopsychosocial: psychological disorders derive from dysfunctions in biology (like genetics or chemistry), psychology (like trauma and stress), and society (like roles and expectations)

Question 5

Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder (DSM-V-TR)

Answer 5

standardized manual or “diagnostic Bible” complied byy the American Psychiatric Association to classify and diagnose psychological disorders, completely objective of possible causes and environments

Question 6

anxiety disorders

Answer 6

psychological disorders characterized by distressing and persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety

Question 7

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

Answer 7

• disorder wherein person is continually tense and plagued with excessive, unrealistic and immense worry
• patients possess a constant feeling of dread and feel like they are unable to take control of anything
• usually bleeds into depression

Question 8

panic disorder

Answer 8

disorder marked by recurrent unexpected and unpredictable minutes-long episodes of intense dread and panic followed by a month of worrying about having another episode and avoiding assumed causes or trigger environments

Question 9

phobia

Answer 9

disorder marked by persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity or situation

Question 10

agoraphobia

Answer 10

• the fear and avoidance of situations in which escape from panic attacks is difficult or help is unavailable
• patients have had a panic attack before and usually stay in a safe zone

Question 11

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Answer 11

disorder characterized by repetitive, intrusive, unwanted, and irrational thoughts (obsession) that can only be relieved by carrying out an act repeatedly (compulsion)

Question 12

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Answer 12

• disorder characterized by haunting memories, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety and/or insomnia that lingers for four or more weeks
• those who experience the trauma and DON’T develop PTSD have survivor resiliency and have post-traumatic growth that result in positive psychological changes (heightened sense of responsibility an empathy and enlarged capacity to care) after suffering

Question 13

somatoform disorder

Answer 13

disorder wherein psychological symptoms take a somatic (bodily) form without any apparent physical cause

Question 14

conversion disorder

Answer 14

rare disorder wherein a person experiences very specific genuine physical symptoms with no physiological basis; person experiences as if very real

Question 15

hypochondriasis

Answer 15

disorder in which person interprets norma physical sensations as symptoms of a disease

Question 16

schizophrenia

direct translation: “split mind”

Answer 16

• arguably the most severe and debilitating disorder, characterize by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, an inappropriate emotions and actions
• split between emotional and intellectual parts of functioning
• hallucinations: sensory experiences without sensory stimulation, most common is auditory
• delusions: false beliefs, often of persecution or grandiosity
• flat affect: emotionless state
• catatonia: rigid and motionless state
• positive (hallucinations, hysteria) and negative (mute, lack of movement) symptoms
• linked to excess dopamine

Question 17

mood disorder

Answer 17

characterized by emotional extremes

Question 18

major depressive disorder

Answer 18

• disorder wherein a person experiences two or more weeks of significantly depressed moods, feelings of worthlessness, and diminished interest and pleasure in most activities
• symptoms (must have at least 5 out of 9)
  + unrealistic, intense sadness nearly daily
  + loss of interest and/or pleasure
  + significant change in appetite
  + insomnia or hypersomnia
  + psychomotor agitation (fidgety, restless) or retardation (lethargic)
  + diminished ability to concentrate or work
  + recurring thoughts of death (suicidal ideation)
  + fatigue or loss of energy
  + worthlessness or guilt

Question 19

bipolar disorder

manic disorder

Answer 19

• disorder wherein person alternates between hopelessness and lethargy of depression and overexcited state of mania
• patients must have experienced a major depressive disorder episode for at least two weeks
• must have experienced a manic episode for at least a week which consists of:
  + hyperactivity
  + drastic mood change to elation
  + less need for sleep
  + unusual talkativeness
  + racing thoughts
  + grandiosity or extreme high self-esteem
  + reckless behavior (usually sexual or financial)
  + exaggerated mood swings
• highly prevalent in notable figures in the arts (Tim Burton, Van Gogh, Ernest Hemmingway, Beethoven, etc.)

Question 20

dysthymic disorder

Answer 20

long-lasting mild depression that is usually undiagnosed and not as debilitating with similar, albeit less intense, symptoms as depression; usually experienced over two years or more

Question 21

dissociative disorder

Answer 21

disorder wherein a person’s conscious awareness becomes separated from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings

Question 22

fugue state

Answer 22

lost of memory for personal identity

Question 23

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

Answer 23

• disorder wherein a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities
• often involves extreme trauma, so behavior is a relief/escape from it
• person has disruption, split, or breakdown from normal and previously integrated self
• personalities emerge at different times, with own pattern of thinking and relationships

Question 24

personality disorder

Answer 24

- chronic, not episodic, disorder characterized by inflexible, maladaptive, and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning and cause distress to person and conflict with others - rate in prisoners: 50% - paranoid (scared), schiznoid (eccentric), histrionic (dramatic), borderline, avoidant (withdrawn), dependant (clingy), narcissistic (self-centered)

Question 25

antisocial personality disorder

Answer 25

disorder wherein a person (usually male) exhibits lack of conscience for wrongdoing; either a clever con (sociopath) or aggressive brute (psychopath)