AP Psych Unit 1 #2

Question 1

neurotransmitter

Answer 1

endogenous chemicals that allow neurons to communicate with each other throughout the body

Question 2

excitatory

Answer 2

a neurotransmitter or signal that increases the likelihood of a neuron firing an action potential

Question 3

inhibitory

Answer 3

a neurotransmitter or signal that reduces the likelihood of a neuron firing an action potential

Question 4

dopamine

Answer 4

a neurotransmitter primarily associated with the brain’s reward system

Question 5

serotonin

Answer 5

a neurotransmitter that plays a key role in regulating mood, sleep, appetite, and learning

Question 6

norepinephrine

Answer 6

a neurotransmitter primarily associated with the “fight or flight” response, increasing arousal, alertness, and focus in situations of stress

Question 7

glutamate

Answer 7

the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system

Question 8

GABA

Answer 8

serves as the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain and a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the spinal cord.

Question 9

endorphins

Answer 9

neurotransmitters linked to reduced pain and increased pleasure

Question 10

substance P

Answer 10

The neurotransmitter (excitatory) associated with feelings of pain

Question 11

acetylcholine

Answer 11

A neurotransmitter involved in learning, memory, and muscle contraction

Question 12

adrenaline

Answer 12

a hormone that activates the sympathetic nervous system. This triggers our “fight or flight” response, which increases heart rate, dilates the pupil, increases blood flow to skeletal muscle, and reduces digestive and reproductive activity.

Question 13

leptin

Answer 13

signals the hypothalamus that the body has enough fat stored to function normally

Question 14

ghrelin

Answer 14

signals your brain when your stomach is empty and it’s time to eat.

Question 15

melatonin

Answer 15

a hormone known to regulate sleep and wake cycles

Question 16

oxytocin

Answer 16

a hormone found in mammals that is associated with bonding, empathy, and trust

Question 17

antagonist

Answer 17

Drugs that block a particular neurotransmitter from activating its receptors

Question 18

agonist

Answer 18

a substance that initiates a physiological response when combined with a receptor

Question 19

reuptake inhibitors

Answer 19

Drugs that prevent a neurotransmitter from being reabsorbed by presynaptic axons, causing greater activation of postsynaptic receptors

Question 20

stimulants

Answer 20

chemicals known to stimulate the nervous system

Question 21

caffeine

Answer 21

a stimulant drug that blocks the action of adenosine, a neurotransmitter that promotes sleep and relaxation

Question 22

cocaine

Answer 22

a stimulant drug

Question 23

depressants

Answer 23

drugs that slow down the activity of the central nervous system

Question 24

alcohol

Answer 24

a psychoactive substance that can impair brain function, leading to changes in behavior and cognitive abilities

Question 25

hallucinogens

Answer 25

another classification of drugs that are known to distort perception and evoke sensory images without any actual sensory input

Question 26

marijuana

Answer 26

a hallucinogen

Question 27

opioids

Answer 27

natural, semi-synthetic, or synthetic chemicals that interact with opioid receptors in the body and brain and reduce perception of pain.

Question 28

heroin

Answer 28

a drug that makes u not feel pain

Question 29

tolerance

Answer 29

a diminished response to a drug

Question 30

addiction

Answer 30

a chronic, relapsing disorder characterized by compulsive drug seeking, continued use despite harmful consequences, and long-lasting changes in the brain.

Question 31

withdrawal

Answer 31

the term used to describe the symptoms that occur when a person ends the use of an addictive substance.