AP Psych Units I + II

Question 1

A study method incorporating five steps; Survey, Question, Read, Retrieve, Review.

Answer 1

S3R

Question 2

Enhanced memory after retrieving, rather than simply rereading, information.

Answer 2

Testing effect

Question 3

The study of how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking.

Answer 3

Social-cultural psychology

Question 4

A branch of psychology that studies how unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior and uses that information to treat people with psychological disorders.

Answer 4

Psychodynamic psychology

Question 5

The scientific study of links between biological (genetic, neural, hormonal) and psychological experiences. (Some biological psychologists call themselves bio psychologists.)

Answer 5

Biological Psychology

Question 6

The scientific study of observable behavior, and its explanation by its principles of learning.

Answer 6

Behavioral Psychology

Question 7

An integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social culture viewpoints.

Answer 7

Biopsychological approach

Question 8

The scientific study of human flourishing, with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive.

Answer 8

Positive psychology

Question 9

The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from generation to the next.

Answer 9

Culture

Question 10

The study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior.

Answer 10

Behavior genetics

Question 11

The study of mental processes, such as when we perceive, learn, remember, think, communicate, and solve problems.

Answer 11

Cognitive psychology

Question 12

The long standing controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors.

Answer 12

Nature-nurture issue

Question 13

The principle that inherited traits better enable an organism to survive and reproduce in a particular environment will (in competition with other trait variations) most likely be passed on to succeeding generations.

Answer 13

Natural selection

Question 14

The science of behavior and mental processes.

Answer 14

Psychology

Question 15

The interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language.)

Answer 15

Cognitive neuroscience

Question 16

The scientific study of the measurements of human abilities, attitudes, and traits.

Answer 16

Psychometrics

Question 17

Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base.

Answer 17

Basic research

Question 18

A branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive and social change throughout the lifespan.

Answer 18

Developmental psychology

Question 19

The study of how psychological processes can affect and can enhance teaching and learning.

Answer 19

Educational psychology

Question 20

The study of individuals’ characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling, and acting.

Answer 20

Personality psychology

Question 21

The scientific study of how we think about influence, and relate to one another.

Answer 21

Social psychology

Question 22

Scientific study that aims to solve practical problems.

Answer 22

Applied research

Question 23

The application of psychological concepts and human methods to optimizing human behavior in workplace.

Answer 23

Industrial-organization (I/O) psychology

Question 24

A field of psych allied w/ I/O psychology that explores how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environments can be made safe and easy to use.

Answer 24

Human factors psychology

Question 25

A branch of psych that assists people with problems in living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and achieving greater well-being.

Answer 25

Counseling psychology

Question 26

Branch of psych that studies, assists, and treats people with psych disorders.

Answer 26

Clinical psychology

Question 27

A branch of medicine that deals with psych disorders; practiced by physicians who are licensed to provide medical (ex. drug, treatments as well as psychological therapy

Answer 27

Psychiatry

Question 28

A branch of psychology that studies how people interact with their social environments and how social institutions affect individuals and groups.

Answer 28

Community psychology

Question 29

The tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it. (AKA The I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon)

Answer 29

Hindsight bias

Question 30

An explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events.

Answer 30

Theory

Question 31

A testable prediction, often implied by a theory.

Answer 31

Hypothesis

Question 32

A carefully worded statement of the exact procedures (operations) used in a research study. Ex: Human intelligence may be operationally defined as what an intelligence test measures. 

Answer 32

Operational definition

Question 33

Repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in different situations to see whether the basic finding can be reproduced.

Answer 33

Replication

Question 34

A descriptive technique in which one individual or group is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles.

Answer 34

Case study

Question 35

A descriptive technique of observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations w/o trying to manipulate or control the situation.

Answer 35

Naturalistic observation

Question 36

A descriptive technique for obtaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of a particular group, usually by questioning or a representative, random sample of the group.

Answer 36

Survey

Question 37

All those in a group being studied, from which samples may be drawn.

Answer 37

Population

Question 38

A sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion.

Answer 38

Random sample

Question 39

Thinking that doesn't blindly accept arguments and conclusions. Rather, it examines assumptions, appraises the source, discerns hidden biases, and assesses conclusions.

Answer 39

Critical thinking

Question 40

The idea that knowledge comes from experience, and that observation and experimentation enable scientific knowledge.

Answer 40

Empiricism

Question 41

Professor who established first psych university in Leipzig, Germany. (Flicking lights guy)

Answer 41

Wilhelm Wundt

Question 42

An early school of thought promoted by Wundt and Titchener; used introspection to reveal the human mind structure.

Answer 42

Structuralism

Question 43

The process of looking inward in an attempt to directly observe one's own psych processes

Answer 43

Introspection

Question 44

Used introspection to search for the mind's structural elements.

Answer 44

Titchener

Question 45

An early school of thought promoted by James and influenced by Darwin; explained how mental and behavioral processes function -- how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish.

Answer 45

Functionalism

Question 46

Mentored by James, and became a pioneering memory researcher and first woman to be president of American Psychologist Association.

Answer 46

Mary Whiton Calkins

Question 47

View that psych (1). Should be an objective science that (2). Studies behavior w/o reference to mental processes. (Most psychologists today disagree with 2)

Answer 47

Behaviorism

Question 48

Championed psych as scientific study of behavior In controversial "Little Albert" study he and Rayner showed fear could be learned.

Answer 48

John B. Watson

Question 49

This leading behavioralist rejected introspection and studied how consequences shape behavior (Pigeon guy)

Answer 49

B.F. Skinner

Question 50

Controversial ideas of famed personality theorist and therapist who have influenced humanity's self-understanding.

Answer 50

Sigmund Freud