AP Stat Summer Work

Question 1

Individuals

Answer 1

the objects described by a set of data

Question 2

Variable

Answer 2

any characteristics, number, or quantity that can be measured or counted

Question 3

Categorical Variable

Answer 3

one that has two or more categories, but there is no intrinsic ordering to the categories

Question 4

Quantitative Variable

Answer 4

take numerical values and represent some kind of measurement

Question 5

Discrete Variables

Answer 5

a variable whose value is obtained by counting

Question 6

Continuous

Answer 6

one in which data can take on any value within a specified range

Question 7

Univariate Data

Answer 7

a type of data which consists of observations on only a single characteristic or attribute

Question 8

Bivariate Data

Answer 8

a type of inferential statistics that deals with the relationship between two variables

Question 9

Population

Answer 9

a set of similar items or events which is of interest for some question or experiment

Question 10

Sample

Answer 10

a smaller, manageable version of a larger group

Question 11

Census

Answer 11

a survey conducted on the full set of observation objects belonging to a given population or universe

Question 12

Distribution

Answer 12

simply a collection of data, or scores, on a variable

Question 13

Inference

Answer 13

the process of drawing conclusions about an underlying population based on a sample or subset of the data

Question 14

Frequency Table

Answer 14

a method of organizing raw data in a compact form by displaying a series of scores in ascending or descending order

Question 15

Relative Frequency

Answer 15

the number of times the event occurs divided by the total number of trials

Question 16

Table

Answer 16

showing the values of the cumulative distribution functions

Question 17

Round-off Error

Answer 17

difference between the true value of the irrational number pie

Question 18

Pie Chart

Answer 18

circular statistical graphical chart

Question 19

Two-Way Table

Answer 19

useful tool for examining relationships between categorical variables

Question 20

Marginal Distribution

Answer 20

the percentages out of totals

Question 21

Conditional

Answer 21

to the chances that some outcome occurs given that another event has also occurred

Question 22

Distribution

Answer 22

simply a collection of data, or scores, on a variable

Question 23

Segmented Bar Graph

Answer 23

a type of stacked bar chart

Question 24

Side-by side Bar

Answer 24

focus on the sub-category comparison on the second dimension

Question 25

Graph

Answer 25

the pictorial representation of statistical data in graphical form

Question 26

Association

Answer 26

any relationship between two measured quantities that renders them statistically dependent

Question 27

Simpson's Paradox

Answer 27

an effect that occurs when the marginal association between two categorical variables is qualitatively different from the partial association between the same two variables after controlling for one or more other variables

Question 28

Dotplot

Answer 28

a graphical display of data using dots

Question 29

Shape

Answer 29

describe the distribution (or pattern) of the data within a dataset

Question 30

Mode

Answer 30

the most commonly observed value in a set of data

Question 31

Center

Answer 31

the mean (average) and the median

Question 32

Spread

Answer 32

describe how similar or varied the set of observed values are for a particular variable

Question 33

Range

Answer 33

the difference between the largest value and the smallest value

Question 34

Outlier

Answer 34

an observation that lies an abnormal distance from other values in a random sample from a population

Question 35

Symmetric

Answer 35

a type of distribution where the left side of the distribution mirrors the right side

Question 36

Skewed Right

Answer 36

the mean is typically greater than the median

Question 37

Skewed Left

Answer 37

the mean is less than the median

Question 38

Unimodal

Answer 38

a distribution with one clear peak or most frequent value

Question 39

Bimodal

Answer 39

two modes

Question 40

Multimodal

Answer 40

a probability distribution with more than one peak, or “mode"

Question 41

Stemplot

Answer 41

a technique used to classify either discrete or continuous variables

Question 42

Splitting Stem

Answer 42

each category is split into two (stem and leaf plot)

Question 43

Back-to-back Stem

Answer 43

Back-to-back stemplots are a graphic option for comparing data from two populations, stem and leaf plot of both side of the middle

Question 44

Plots

Answer 44

present the results of some statistical analysis of the data

Question 45

Histogram

Answer 45

a bar graph-like representation of data that buckets a range of outcomes into columns along the x-axis

Question 46

Mean

Answer 46

add together all of the numbers in a set and then divide the sum by the total count of numbers

Question 47

Median

Answer 47

the value separating the higher half from the lower half of a data sample, a population, or a probability distribution

Question 48

Interquartile Range(IQR)

Answer 48

first find the median (middle value) of the lower and upper half of the data

Question 49

Five- Number

Answer 49

the lower and upper quartiles, and the median

Question 50

Summary

Answer 50

description of the data- mean, median, mode, minimum value, maximum value, range, standard deviation

Question 51

Boxplot

Answer 51

a graph that gives you a good indication of how the values in the data are spread out

Question 52

Standard Deviation

Answer 52

a statistic that measures the dispersion of a dataset relative to its mean

Question 53

Variance

Answer 53

calculated as the average squared deviation of each number from the mean of a data set