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AP Human Geography > AP test vocab > Flashcards

AP test vocab Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

Acculturation

A

an ethnic group moving to a new area and adopting the values of the larger, receiving culture while still maintaining major elements of their own culture

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2
Q

Assimilation

A

when an ethnic group can no longer be distinguished from the receiving group

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3
Q

Multiculturalism

A

the coexistence of several cultures in one society, with the ideal of all cultures being valued and worthy of study

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4
Q

Nativism

A

a violent, anti-immigrant attitude often formed by receiving cultures in attempt to reject immigrants and new cultures

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5
Q

cultural relativism

A

the concept that a persons beliefs, values, and practices should be understood based on that persons own culture, rather than be judged against the criteria of another

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6
Q

ethnocentrism

A

evaluation of other cultures according to preconceptions originating in the standards and customs of one’s own culture

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7
Q

centripetal force

A

a force that unifies people

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8
Q

centrifugal force

A

a force that divides people

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9
Q

cultural convergence

A

a theory that two cultures will be more and more like each other as their interactions increase

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10
Q

syncretism

A

the uniting or attempted uniting of different cultures

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11
Q

Diaspora

A

the dispersion of the Jews beyond Israel

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12
Q

chain migration

A

when people move to communities where relatives or friends migrated previously

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13
Q

cluster migration

A

a pattern of movement and settlement resulting from the collective action of a distinctive social or ethnic group

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14
Q

step migration

A

a process in which migrants reach their eventual destination through a series of smaller moves

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15
Q

brain drain

A

when migration out of a country is made up of highly skilled people

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16
Q

guest workers

A

people with temporary permission to work in another country

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17
Q

remmitance

A

money sent back to friends and family by immigrants in the country they left (can account for 40% of income in some small countries)

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18
Q

intervening obstacles

A

barriers that make it more difficult for immigrants to reach their final destination (usually a lack of money or no visa)

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19
Q

intervening opportunities

A

opportunities that make it easier for migrants to reach that final destination, or eliminate the need to reach the final destination (usually a job)

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20
Q

crude birth/death rate

A

number of live births/deaths per 1000 people in a population

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21
Q

total fertility rate

A

average number of children per women in a population

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22
Q

rate of natural increase

A

percentage by which a population is growing or declining (disregarding migration) RNI=(CBR-CDR)/10

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23
Q

ethnic enclaves

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A

neighborhoods filled primarily with the same group of ethnic people (can from when chain migration occurs)

24
Q

birth deficit

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A

the slowing down of births in a population causing certain bars on a population pyramid to be significantly smaller than the bars below and above (during war)

25
baby boom
a spike in birth rate (after war)
26
dependency ratio
number of people in potential workforce (15-64) compared to number dependents (<15, >64) DR=potential workforce/dependent population
27
irredentism
when people try to take back land because of cultural ties to the population there
28
enclave
a country, or especially an outlying portion of a country, completely surrounded by another country
29
exclave
a portion of a country that is geographically separated from the main part by surrounding alien territory
30
internal waters
any water inside of a country's baseline
31
Truman proclamation
1945 - President Truman claims the need for new supplies of petroleum which experts believed to exist in the continental shelf of the coast of the U.S. -he also claimed the U.S. should exercise jurisdiction over these resources because the U.S. would ensure they weren't wasted
32
UNCLOS 1
1958 to address LOS and Truman Proclamation
33
UNCLOS 2
1960 no new agreements
34
UNCLOS 3
1973-1982 majority of current maritime laws regarding baseline, territorial waters, innocent passage, contiguous zone, EEZ, international waters
35
Partition of Africa
the invasion, occupation, division, and colonization of African territory by European powers during New Imperialism (1881-1914)
36
Partition of India
the division of British India into two independent states, India and Pakistan (1947)
37
nation
a group of people who have shared common cultural heritage and homeland
38
nation-state
a singular nation of people who have fulfilled the qualifications for a state (Japan, Iceland)
39
multinational state
a country that contains more than one nation within its border (Canada, U.S., U.K.)
40
stateless nation
a nation of people who do not have their own independent political entity (Palestinians, Catalans, Kurds)
41
Berlin Conference
1885 representatives from Europe met to lay out claims for the continent of Africa
42
imperialism
influencing another country or group of people through a variety of ways - direct conquest, economic control, cultural dominance
43
colonialism
a type of imperialism where people move into and settle on the land of another country
44
decolonization
independence movements from countries who were under imperial rule - 1945-1970 40 countries gained independence in Africa and Asia
45
neocolonialism
a new form of colonialism where developing countries are controlled by indirect means - usually economic but can be political and cultural
46
shatterbelt
a region that suffers from instability because of its location between two opposing regions
47
devolution
the transfer of political power from the central government to subnational levels of government (usually regional)
48
supranationalism
when multiple countries from an organization to collectively achieve greater benefits - military, economic, or political
49
transnational corporations
companies that conduct business on a global scale
50
horizontal integration
merging with a competitor of equal capabilities
51
vertical integration
merging with a company who is part of your supply chain
52
chokepoint
a strategic strait or canal which could be closed or blocked to stop sea traffic
53
transhumance
the action or practice of moving livestock from one grazing ground to another in a seasonal cycle, typically to lowlands in winter and highlands in summer
54
transnational migration
a process of movement and settlement across international borders in which individuals maintain or build multiple networks of connection to their country of origin while at the same time settling in a new country
55
balkanization
the process of fragmentation or division of a region or state into smaller regions or states that are often hostile or uncooperative with one another
56
gerrymandering
manipulating the boundaries of an electoral constituency to favor one party or class

AP Human Geography (5 decks)

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