AP US History Unit 1 Vocabulary Flashcards
(103 cards)
1
Q
Joint-Stock Company
A
- Business entity of shareholders
- Stock was sold to high net-worth investors who provided capital
The pooling of money amongst merchants and investors to create a pool of enough capital to invest in a costly business enterprise. This sort of financial arrangement was new in Europe and helped to drive European exploration and expansion.
2
Q
Separatists
A
- English Protestants who occupied Puritanism
- Wished to separate from the Church of England
The Pilgrims were a group of this Sect of Puritans who wanted to separate from the Church of England and not just purify it of Catholic vestiges, thus starting a tradition of breaking with England altogether.
3
Q
Puritans
A
- Group of people who were unhappy with the Church of England
- Wanted to reform religious, moral, and societal reforms
- Escaped persecution of the church to the Americas
4
Q
Lost colony of Roanoke
A
- Arrival of settlers of the island of Roanoke
- John White sailed back to England to retrieve supplies
- Caught in a naval war between England and Spain
- His return to the colony in 1590 led to finding of no trace of the colony
- The word “Croatoan” was carved in a wooden post was left
5
Q
Virginia Company
A
- English joint stock company
- Formed from a charter from King James I in 1606
- Had to power to appoint the Council of Virginia and governors
- Chartered was revoke in 1624
6
Q
Captain John Smith
A
- Founder of Jamestown
- Sailed to Virginia in 1606 with 105 settlers
- Involved with plans of the Virginia Company since he was granted a charter from King James I
- Helped ambush indians in 1607
- Saved the colony through starvation and diseases
Early English adventurer who landed in Jamestown and took control of the colony during the “Starving Time.” He imposed martial law and enforced a policy of “he who does not work, will not eat” in order to ensure the survival of Jamestown.
7
Q
John Rolfe
A
- Introduced tobacco was a commercial crop to colonists
- Enabled expansion economic incentive and further expansion to the New World
Englishman who was the first to start tobacco cultivation in Jamestown. Previous to his arrival, colonists were scratching around in the dirt for gold which did not exist.
8
Q
Headrights
A
- Legal grant of land to settlers
- Notable for expansion in the thirteen colonies
Economic policy that states that your nation must produce more than it buys from other nations in order to accumulate gold and silver. This system encouraged nations to build colonies to harvest natural resources and to create new markets for finished products.
9
Q
Plymouth
A
- First permanent English settlement
- English Separatist Church sailed on the Mayflower
- More than half the settlers died
- Survivors secured peace treaties with neighboring Native American tribes
10
Q
Mayflower Compact
A
- 1620 agreement that bounded settlers together upon their arrival in New England
- Need to maintain order and and establish a civil society
- Written framework of government
11
Q
John Winthrop and “A Model of Christian Charity”
A
- Written aboard the Arbella as members of the Massachusetts Bay Colony sailed towards New England
- Delivered the sermon articulating the Puritan’s mission
- Led to the creation of “a city upon a hill” created a godly community
12
Q
Roger Williams
A
- Founder of Rhode Island
- Advocate of religious freedom and separation of the church and state in colonial America
- Banished from the Massachusetts colony because he believed that the government must not interfere with religious beliefs or church attendance in 1653
- Rhode Island became the first to practice religious tolerance
13
Q
Anne Hutchinson
A
- Expelled from the Massachusetts colony for meddling in theology and questioning clergy’s authority
- Migrated to Rhode Island
14
Q
Halfway Covenant
A
- Adopted in 1662 by New England Puritans
- Declining church membership necessitated the compromise
- Allowed children of baptized and unconverted church members to be baptized and have political rights
- Practice was banned from churches in the 18th century when Edwards and leaders of the Great Awakening taught that church membership should be given to convinced believers
15
Q
King Philip’s War
A
- From 1675-1676
- Last effort by Indians to drive out English settlers
- One of the most devastating wars of the country
- War ended when Metacomb was captured
- Puritan victory making the remaining Indians face servitude and disease
16
Q
Indentured Servants
A
- Originally whites from England who were sent to the colonies to do cheap labor
- Signed contracts which said that they would gain their freedom after 4-7 years
- Many died before they could live out their contracts (disease, labor, etc.)
- Britain began taking Africans from Africa to the colonies to become indentured servants
- Originally Africans were treated like servants
- Laws became more oppressive and white colonists began enslaving Africans
17
Q
Bacon’s Rebellion
A
- Occurred in 1676
- Burning down of Jamestown by poor farmers led by Nathaniel Bacon after they killed a village of Native American children, men, and women
- Caused by tensions between Native Americans vs. Europeans for land, frontier farmers (freed indentured servants) vs. coastal elites (royal government, rich planters) because farmers wanted protection from Indians and the coastal elites would not provide it (too expensive), and Nathaniel Bacon (rich fur trader) vs. William Berkley (royal governor)
- Militia’s mission was to kill Native Americans
18
Q
William Penn and the Quakers
A
- Outsider religious group in England
- William Penn bought and established state of Pennsylvania (Penns Woods) as Quaker state
- Believed in women’s rights
- Hated slavery (believed it was immoral)
- Treated Native American’s fairly well
- Unicameral legislature
- Believed everyone had the light of God inside of them
19
Q
Royal Colony
A
- Royal governor was appointed to rule over colony by the king
20
Q
Proprietary Colony
A
- Colonies owned by proprietor
- Agreements between king and rich land owners
- Business transaction, person who buys colony can decide on the type of government and how to run the colony
21
Q
Sir Edmond Andros and the Dominion of New England
A
- Royal government made New England into one colony called Dominion of New England
- Andros was royal governor who had absolute authority
22
Q
Glorious Revolution
A
- 1688-1689
- James II’s pro-Catholic actions led to a revolution
- Resulted in pulling King James II from the throne and giving it to King William III and Queen Mary II
- Massachusetts’s new charter issued governors to be selected by the crown rather than elected tolerating power with Anglicans
23
Q
Mercantilism and the Navigation Acts
A
- Mercantilism was the pooling of money amongst merchants and investors to create a pool of enough capital to invest in a costly business enterprise
- Navigation Acts:
1. Only British ships could transport imported and exported goods from the colonies.
2. The only people who were allowed to trade with the colonies had to be British citizens.
3. Commodities such as sugar, tobacco, and cotton wool which were produced in the colonies could be exported only to British ports.
The pooling of money amongst merchants and investors to create a pool of enough capital to invest in a costly business enterprise. This sort of financial arrangement was new in Europe and helped to drive European exploration and expansion.
24
Q
Stono Rebellion
A
- Occurred during the 1730s
- Slave uprising (first one)
- Africa slaves get pointy pieces of metal and gun and run to Spanish Florida
- Spanish Empire had conflict with America Received amnesty by Florida
- Significant because of massive hysteria and first African slave revolt
- More oppressive conditions on black people (slaves and freed)
- White population becomes afraid of them
25
Era of Salutary Neglect
- Although Britain ruled over the colonies, they did not strongly enforce their laws
- Looked the other way when the colonies did something or broke laws they weren’t so suppose to
- Proclamation line of 1763 began end of Era of Salutary Neglect
- Ended with French and Indian War
The policy that lasted until the end of the French and Indian War in which the British Government did not enforce its Mercantilist policies. After the French and Indian War, George III began enforcing strict control over politics and economics infuriating many of the merchants, planters, artisans, and manufacturers.
26
The Enlightenment
- John Locke, political philosopher who thought of the idea to create social contracts
- Social contracts (and government) formed to protect people’s life, liberty, and property
- Led to creation of the Articles of Confederation
- Government was formed based on Enlightenment thoughts
27
Benjamin Franklin
- Proposed the Albany plan
- DISCOVERED ELECTRICITY
- Elected into Second Continental Congress
- Helped draft Declaration of Independence (one of the founding fathers)
28
Great Awakening
- Proposed by George Whitefield
- Period of religious revivalism
- Led by Christian Evangelical preachers who believed that connection with God could be achieved through religious fervor
Period of religious revivalism. Led by Christian Evangelical preachers who emphasised a personal connection with God and Jesus could be obtained and that religious fervor and conviction were the paths salvation. Many new sects of Christianity appeared during this time as Christianity splintered into many different interpretations.
29
Middle Passage
- Sea journey slave ships would travel from West Africa to the West Indies (Caribbean, Bahamas)
30
George Whitefield
- Created part of "The Great Awakening"
- Traveled the length of the colonies, speaking in every city or town of any size, often preaching two or three times a day
- Religious tour
- Tour became the catalyst for a new phase of development
31
Albany Plan of Union
- Occurred in 1754
- Proposed by Benjamin Franklin
- Created in Albany New York
- It was to unite some of the colonies into a military alliance
- Unite the Iroquois Nation (confederation of several tribes) to British colonists
- Unite for the purpose to protect themselves from the French
- Never came to a fruition because some colonies were afraid to lose autonomy
Proposed by Ben Franklin as an alliance of the Northern Colonies and the Iroquois Nation against the French who were threatening to come down from Canada; it never came to fruition because the colonies were unwilling to give up any autonomy.
32
The Seven Years War
- Aka the French and Indian War; 1754-1760
- Union of Indian tribes, armed and supported by the French
- Massive military campaign against the British colonies
- British: more firepower; more soldiers; suffered many defeats at the beginning of the war (guerilla warfare)
- French started off winning the war, but indians began to join sides of the British for fear of French domination
- William Pitt took control of war effort; became a hero in the Colonies; supported the British
- Ended in North Americas in 1760
33
The Treaty of Paris (French and Indian War treaty not Revolution)
- Officially ended the French and Indian War in North America
- French gave up all the land east of the Mississippi River (except New Orleans) to England.
- England occupied Spanish owned Cuba in exchange for returning Cuba to Spain
- Spain gave up Florida to the British
- French gave Spain the Louisiana territory (west of Mississippi to Texas) because French didn’t want england to have it
34
Pontiac’s Rebellion
- Inspired by a religious leader named Neolin and led by war chief Pontiac
- A pan-Native American alliance that rose up in the Great lakes region and Ohio river
- Disadvantage for the British; 12 forts captured, surrounded by armed forces, or destroyed in the Spring and Summer of 1763
- Smallpox epidemic brought by British officers by handing blankets at a peace conference to Native Americans took a turn in favor of the British.
- Not a military success for the Native Americans
35
Proclamation of 1763
- Aka The Proclamation Line; began in 1763
- Issued by King George III
- Declared that British Colonists would no longer be able to settle west of the Proclamation Line drawn down the center of the App. Mountains
- Made colonists mad; believed that they worked hard enough to have that land from the French; saw it as breaking the law on what should be the Colonists’ land
- Seen as the end of the Age of Salutary Neglect
This was a line drawn after the French and Indian War and Pontiac’s Rebellion. Anglo-Americans were moving into Indian territory west of the Appalachians causing conflict, so the British Government stated that no colonists could move west of the Appalachians. One of the main causes leading to the American Revolution.
36
The Currency Act (1764)
- Colonies were not allowed to make their own colonial currency any more and use England Pounds
37
The Sugar Act (1764)
- In 1733 england implied heavy taxes on molasses (usually used for rum) that came into the colonies
- Illegal for the colonists to buy from French or Spain, but they did it anyway ‘cause it was cheaper to buy it untaxed
- 1764 England lowered the tax to ‘reasonable’ and vigorously enforced the law; stopped and searched every ship that went through Boston, New York City and Philidelphia
- Even after the lowering of the tax colonists still bought in the black market; complained of slowing commerce with England’s method; (created tensions btwn colonists and Crown; revealing end of the Age of Salutary Neglect
38
The Quartering Act (1765)
- 1766-1767
- Declared that colonial assemblies (legislatures) had to raise revenue to buy inexpensive things needed for British soldiers stationed in the colonies (candles, mattresses straw, window panes etc.)
- Not a direct tax
- One of the colonial legislatures would have to collect and then pass on to British governors in the colonies.
- Colonists saw it as an infringement on their rights and rejected act
- Led to New York Suspending Act 1767: suspended the New York assembly until the tax was paid.
- New York assembly raised the tax money before its assembly was suspended; parliament was willing to infringe on an ideal that the colonists held in the highest regard: Self Governance!
39
The Stamp Act (1765)
- 1765-1766
- Direct tax from British Parliament; somewhat elected by the colonists
- Parliament and Crown passed the Stamp Act
- Forced colonists to put a stamp (purchased by British tax officials) to all newspapers, legal documents, business contracts, wills, playing cards etc. to raise revenue for British Empire and offset military expenses in North America.
- Major economic change btwn the Parliament and colonists
40
Virtual Representation
- In 1765, the Parliament and Crown passed the Stamp Act .
- Was a DIRECT tax from the British Parliament on colonists
- A MAJOR change in the economic relationship between the Parliament and the colonists.
- Colonists argued that if they were to be taxed as British subjects were, then they should be allowed to elect representatives from the colonies to represent the colonies in the British Parliament in England.
- “No taxation, without representation”
- Several colonial legislatures wrote petitions to Parliament and the Crown expressing their desire to be rid of the taxes.
41
Patrick Henry
- American attorney
- Founding Father
- Served first and sixth post-colonial Governor of Virginia (1776-1779 and 1784-1786)
- Led opposition of Stamp Act
- “Give me liberty, or give me death!”
- Leader of Anti-federalists in Virginia
- Opposed U.S. Constitution
- Helped gain adoption of the Bill of Rights
- Supported president John Adams and federalists
42
The Sons of Liberty
- Formed to create protest groups aimed at controlling some of the mob violence
- Afraid that armed and angry crowds might start to kill people and start to alienate sympathetic, wealthy landholders, British officials, merchants, etc.
- Forbade the use of weapons and violence against ppl, but not property
- Dormant for two years, organized massive boycotts of British goods to shut the British economy down and pressure the Parliament into repealing the acts.
43
Samuel Adams
- Commissioned by the MAssachusetts Assembly to draft Circular Letter to go around the various colonial assemblies
- Convinced Boston’s town meeting to request that each of the 260 towns in Massachusetts create committees to coordinate information and prepare for defense of local communities
44
Declaratory Act
- Issued which stated that the English Parliament had the Authority to legislate in “all cases whatsoever”
45
The Townshend Acts (Duties)
- 1767-1770
- Implemented by the British Exchequer Charles Townshend in an attempt to avoid the colonists argument that the British had no right to levy direct taxes on colonists
- Put a duty tax on British manufactured glass, paint, lead, and tea being sold in the colonies
- Included a provision that severely altered the balance of power between the colonial assemblies and the royal governors
- Altered this so that the colonial legislatures no longer controlled the “power of the purse” when it came to governors’ salaries, putting governors’ power outside of the colonial assemblies
46
The Boston Massacre
- Street fight that occurred in 1770
- Between a patriot mob and British soldiers
- Several colonists were shot killed
- British soldiers south side hobs when not on duty
- Crispus Attucks surrounded an armed British guard post throwing rocks and snowballs tempting the soldiers to fire
- Marked height of tensions created by the Townshed acts
47
The Committee of Correspondence
- 1772-1773
- Small, local governments, coordinated by the larger Boston Committee of Correspondence
- Boston committee would send ideas, questions, and requests to other Committees of Correspondence, which would in turn have members debate and vote directly on issues
- Committees linked together New England region and beyond in a vary real way.
- 1773 virginia created committees of correspondence and within a year so did the other colonies, except Pennsylvania
48
The Boston Tea Party
- Colonists refused to purchase tea after the lowering of the duty with the Tea Act of 1773
- Britain could not allow the British East India Company to go bankrupt
- In 1773, East India Trading Ships loaded with 45 tons of tea on the Boston harbor along with 50 young men dressed as Mohawk Indians
- Marched through Boston throwing the tea to the harbor for the ships
49
The Intolerable Acts (or Coercive Acts)
- Established in 1774
- Limited the political and geographical freedom of the colonists
Passed by Parliament to punish the colonists for violence and insurrections during the 1770s. This item caused extreme resentment and unified the colonists against the British.
50
The First Continental Congress
51
Lexington and Concord
- British governor Thomas Gage sent troops to Concord to stop the colonists who were loading arms
- On April 19, 1775, the first shots were fired in Lexington, starting the war
- Battles resulted in a British retreat to Boston
First instances of military conflict between the Americans and the British; this occurred before the Declaration of Independence was signed. It was not organized by any military or government, but instead was a grassroots act of violence which started the American Revolution.
52
Second Continental Congress
- Continental Congress wrote and sent in 1775 The Olive Branch Petition saying they didn’t start the war
53
The Olive Branch Petition
- In 1775
- Continental Congress wrote the Declaration Rights of Grievances
- Wanted England to fix the problems
- King George III wanted authority
Issued by the First Continental Congress asking the British to meet some of the demands of the colonists so that Revolution does not break out; the British crown rejected it and the Revolutionary War began.
54
Thomas Paine and Common Sense
- Wrote the pamphlet Common Sense (1776) arguing for American independence from Britain
55
Declaration of Independence
- Issued in 1776
56
Loyalists
57
Patriots
58
Valley Forge
- Turning point of the Revolutionary War
- Site where the Continental Congress was desperately ready to quit but didn't
- Lack of supplies and food and faced brutal weather
- Emerged from the ordeal as a trained force for the first time capable of defeating the British Army in a European-style battle
59
Battle of Saratoga
- Turning point in the Revolutionary War
- Created the Franco American Alliance
- Spanish and Dutch join the French
Important because after this event, the French realized that the American Revolution could possibly succeed. This caused the French to support the Revolution and supply the US with military officers, food, weapons, and a navy. Without the French the American Revolution would never have been successful!
60
Marquis de Lafayette
- French aristocrat
- Reader of both French and English Enlightenment policy
- George Washington's right hand man
- Put Marquis under George’s wing
- Wanted experience Revolution and bring back to France
- Biggest national icon and player
- Only aristocrat that didn’t get killed by the mob
61
Yorktown
62
The Treaty of Paris
- Written by John Adams, John Jay, and Benjamin Franklin
- Signed in 1783
- Terms of the treaty implemented that the British would have to withdraw their troops on American soil recognizing independence.
- Mississippi River became the Western Boundary
63
Articles of Confederation
- The Enlightenment shaped the ideals of the government
- Had to form because it was a necessity for war
John Locke, political philosopher who thought of the idea to create social contracts
- Social contracts (and government) formed to protect people’s life, liberty, and property
- Declaration of Rights Grievances
This was the first constitution of the US. It failed because it lacked an energetic and unifying central government.
64
The Northwest Ordinance’s
- Act of Congress in 1787 providing for the government of the Northwest Territory and setting forth the steps by which its subdivisions might become states
- Banned slavery in the northwest territory
65
Shay’s Rebellion
- An uprising led by a former militia officer, Daniel Shays, which broke out in western Massachusetts in 1786.
- Shay’s followers protested the foreclosures of farms for debt and briefly succeeded in shutting down the court system
66
Virginia Plan
- Unsuccessfully proposed at the Constitutional Convention
- Providing for a legislature of two houses with proportional representation in each house and executive and judicial branches to be chosen by the legislature
67
New Jersey Plan
- Unsuccessful
- Providing for a single legislative house with equal representation in the state
68
The Connecticut Plan (Great Compromise)
- Struck in the creation of the legislative branch
- The Great Compromise was to work out the number of representation each state would have in congress
This blended together the Virginia and New Jersey Plans to determine how the national legislature would be populated.
69
Executive Branch
- The power of the Executive Branch is vested in the President of the United States, who also acts as head of state and Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces.
- The President is responsible for implementing and enforcing the laws written by Congress and, to that end, appoints the heads of the federal agencies, including the Cabinet.
- The Vice President is also part of the Executive Branch, ready to assume the Presidency should the need arise
70
Legislative Branch
- Consists of the House of Representatives and the Senate, which together form the United States Congress
71
Judicial Branch
- Appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate
72
Federalist
- Articles of Confederation were weak and ineffective.
- National government needed to be strong in order to function
- Powers in foreign policy needed to be strengthened while excesses at home needed to be controlled
- National government would protect the rights of the people
73
Antifederalist
- Against the federalist
- Opposed strong central government.Opposed a standing army and a 10 square mile federal stronghold (later District of Columbia)
- Strong national government threatened state power
- Constitution lacked a bill of rights. State governments already had bills of rights but they might be overridden by the Constitution
74
The Federalist Papers
- The Federalist Papers are a series of 85 articles and essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay promoting the ratification of the United States Constitution
75
President Washington
- First President of the United States
- Commander-in-chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States
76
Judiciary Act of 1789
- Established the lower federal courts
77
Tariff of 1789
- Tax on imports and exports enacted by Alexander Hamilton
78
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Bill of Rights
National Bank (Alexander Hamilton’s idea)
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- Proposed national bank would function purely as a depository for federal funds, rather than a lending bank
79
Neutrality Proclamation
- Formal announcement issued by United States President George Washington on April 22, 1793, declaring the nation neutral in the conflict between France and Great Britain
- Threatened legal proceedings against any American providing assistance to any country at war
80
Strict vs. loose interpretation of the Constitution
- Hamilton believed in a loose interpretation of the Constitution because it meant that the federal government would have more power than they were really given
- Jefferson believed that a closed/strict interpretation of the Constitution would allow the federal government the exact amount of power that they had the right to have, or that they had been given
These were people who believed that the Constitution should be followed according to the actual text of the document; there should not be a lot of interpretation or implied powers created.
81
Whiskey Rebellion
- Tax was enforce on whiskey which made business decline
- Mob of farmers was then formed in 1794 who fought against marshalls
- Washington administration dealt with the rebellion by sending 13,000 militiamen to gather the mob members
- Represented how strong and fair the federal system was
- Occurred in Western Pennsylvania
This occurred in Western Pennsylvania because farmers used whiskey for currency and felt as if the federal government was issuing unfair taxes. Washington road personally with the US Army to stop the rebellion; it showed the authority of the new government created by the US Constitution.
82
Jay’s Treaty
- Treaty between the United States of America and the Kingdom of Great Britain that is credited with averting war resolving issues remaining since the Treaty of Paris of 1783, which ended the American Revolution
- Facilitating ten years of peaceful trade between the United States and Britain in the midst of the French Revolutionary Wars, which began in 1792
83
Pinckney’s Treaty
- Treaty that gave the United States friendship with the Spanish and land acquisition
- Granted the U.S. navigation rights on the Mississippi river
84
XYZ Affair
- French seize U.S. ships after Jay’s treaty with Britain to ratified
- Adam sends 3 diplomats to France, France officials demand huge bribe to even negotiate
- Adam publishes diplomat reports in newspaper and replaces the their names with letters x,y,z.
- Turns U.S. public support away from France
- Many want to declare war but Adam avoids
85
Alien and Sedition Acts
- Federal government could expel foreigners
- Jail reporters for malicious writing
- Aimed to destroy the democratic republic (this law stopped immigrants from voting for them
- Increase the years of becoming a citizen from 5 to 14 years
86
Kentucky and Virginia Resolves
Stated that a state that does not agree with a federal law’s constitutionality can strike down this law within that state. It was an backlash to the Federalist policies that many Democratic Republicans saw as abuses of the Constitution and usurpations of federal power from state autonomy.
87
Farewell Address
- President Washington was stung by the partisan criticism
- Newspapers were engaged in a press war of exaggerated charges and countercharges
- Warned the Americans to avoid political parties and entangling alliances with European countries
88
Election of 1800
- Jefferson and Burr are run for democratic republican (Burr as VP)
- Both got same amount of votes in EC
- Technically tied for president
- 35 Ballets
- Hamilton (Federalist) hates Jefferson but knows Burr is evil
- 12th amendment passed so EC voters vote for a party ticket
Often called the “Bloodless Revolution” because there was a democratically decided peaceful transition of power from one political ideology to another. The new Democratic Republican president replaced and repealed many of the laws and ideologies that had been created by his Federalist political counterparts.
89
Midnight Appointments
- Adam appoints as many federalist as possible to federal positions, including judges
- Jefferson assumes presidency and rejects appointments
- Forces some to retire, and replaces with democratic republicans
- Jefferson pardons all violators and convince congress to repeal Alien Sedition Act
90
Marbury v. Madison
- Marbury had the right to be appointed federal judge
- Supreme court could not enforce his right to the position because of the Judiciary Act of 1798 that gave the court this power was unconstitutional
- Gave the SC the eternal power of Judicial review
This Supreme Court Case established the power of the Supreme Court to exercise Judicial Review, or the power to strike down federal laws as unconstitutional.
91
The Louisiana Purchase
- Spain gave France the city of New Orleans in 1802
- France was not happy with U.S. because they were trading with British
- Jefferson sent Monroe to France to buy New Orleans for $2 million
- Napoleon offers Louisiana for $15 million
92
The Lewis and Clark Expedition
- Expedition to westward and Pacific Ocean
- Settlers start to settle westward because of the expedition
93
Impressment
- Royal Navy forcing people (merchants) to join their navy
94
The Embargo Act of 1807
- Occurred on December 22, 1807
- Created by Thomas Jefferson
- Forbade trade between the U.S. and all other European countries
- Hurt economy badly
- Least popular act by T.J.
95
Non-Intercourse Act
- Created by Congress in the last days of Thomas Jefferson’s presidency
- Replaced Embargo Act
- Lifted all embargos on American trade except for those with England and France
- Contributed to War of 1812
- Did damage to U.S. economy
96
12th Amendment
- Stated that the electors shall meet in their respective states and vote by ballot for President and Vice-President
- The person running for president with the most amount of votes is elected president
- The person running for v. president with the most amount of votes is elected v. president
97
Reasons for the War of 1812
- France and England were seizing American naval ships and influencing the crewmen
- Embargo Act of 1807 stopped trade
- Negotiations between American and France sparked rivalry between American and Britain
98
Macon’s Bill #2, 1810
- The Virginia Company, which started Jamestown, gave out 50 acres of land for every indentured servant that a sponsor brought into the colony
- created tension with Indians whose land was being taken
- Created rich and poor classes in Jamestown
The Virginia Company, which started Jamestown, gave out 50 acres of land for every indentured servant that a sponsor brought into the colony. This created tension with Indians as Indian land was distributed to Englishmen and it created a class of rich and poor in Jamestown.
99
War Hawks
- People who want to go to war
- Primarily from the West and South
100
The Battle of New Orleans
101
The Treaty of Ghent
Ended the War of 1812 and the British promised to respect the US as a nation, stop impressing its sailors, stop harassing US merchant ships, remove all British soldiers and forts in American territory, and end its economic warfare against the US.
102
Hartford Convention
During the War of 1812, New England merchants were hit hard by the lack of economic intercourse that was occurring. This meeting caused the destruction of the Federalist Party as members of the Federalists met in Hartford to discuss breaking New England away from the US, establishing a new nation, and forming close economic ties with England.
103
War of 1812
Largely occurred because England and France were fighting each other in Europe and both nations were attempting to stop US supplies from going to their respective enemies. US Ships and goods were stolen off the Atlantic which caused the US to declare war on England. England basically destroyed the US military in North America, then abruptly ended the conflict once England made peace with France.
