AP World CED Terms Flashcards
(151 cards)
1
Q
What is filial piety?
A
A Confucian value emphasizing deep respect for one’s parents and ancestors, particularly by children, and the duty to care for them.
2
Q
What is Neo-Confucianism?
A
A revival and synthesis of Confucian thought with elements of Buddhism and Daoism, focusing on metaphysics, ethics, and personal development.
3
Q
What is patriarchal hierarchy?
A
A social system where male authority dominates, organizing societal roles around male leadership, often leading to the subordination of women.
4
Q
What are Chinese literary traditions?
A
Cultural practices emphasizing literature as a means of education and moral development, influencing educational systems in neighboring countries.
5
Q
What is Theravada Buddhism?
A
The oldest form of Buddhism, focusing on personal spiritual development and meditation, largely practiced in Southeast Asia.
6
Q
What is Mahayana Buddhism?
A
A more inclusive form of Buddhism emphasizing compassion and the potential for all beings to attain enlightenment.
7
Q
What is Tibetan Buddhism?
A
A form of Mahayana Buddhism that incorporates unique rituals and beliefs, heavily influenced by indigenous Tibetan traditions.
8
Q
What is Champa rice?
A
A drought-resistant, fast-maturing variety of rice introduced to China from Vietnam, boosting agricultural productivity.
9
Q
What was the Grand Canal expansion?
A
A massive waterway infrastructure project connecting northern and southern China, facilitating the transport of goods.
10
Q
What advancements were made in steel production during Song China?
A
Advancements in steel-making techniques, especially through blast furnaces, improved production for tools and weapons.
11
Q
What were silk and porcelain exports?
A
China became a major exporter of silk and porcelain, establishing itself as a central economic power in the pre-modern world.
12
Q
What was the Seljuk Empire?
A
A Sunni Muslim empire that dominated Central Asia and the Middle East, influencing culture, religion, and politics.
13
Q
What was the Mamluk Sultanate?
A
A state ruled by a military class of slave-soldiers in Egypt that preserved Islamic culture during the medieval period.
14
Q
What were the Delhi Sultanates?
A
A series of Muslim dynasties in India known for their cultural integration of Islam with Hinduism.
15
Q
Who was Nasir al-Din al-Tusi?
A
A Persian scholar renowned for his work in trigonometry, astronomy, and mathematics during the Islamic Golden Age.
16
Q
Who was A’ishah al-Ba’uniyyah?
A
A female Sufi poet from the 14th century whose works reflect Islamic mysticism.
17
Q
What is Islamic medicine?
A
Islamic scholars preserved and expanded upon classical medical knowledge, significantly influencing both medieval and modern medicine.
18
Q
What was the Greek philosophy preservation?
A
Islamic scholars translated the works of ancient Greek philosophers into Arabic, preserving these texts.
19
Q
What was the House of Wisdom?
A
An intellectual center in Baghdad during the Islamic Golden Age where scholars gathered to translate and expand knowledge.
20
Q
What were scholarly transfers in Spain?
A
In medieval Spain, Islamic scholars exchanged knowledge with Christian and Jewish scholars, leading to the European Renaissance.
21
Q
What was the Bhakti movement?
A
A religious movement in India emphasizing personal devotion to a god and transcending traditional caste divisions.
22
Q
What is Sufism?
A
Islamic mysticism focusing on personal experience and a direct connection with God, spreading Islam through spiritual practices.
23
Q
What is Buddhist monasticism?
A
The practice of Buddhist monks and nuns living in communities that were centers of learning and cultural exchange.
24
Q
What was the Vijayanagara Empire?
A
A powerful South Indian empire known for resisting Islamic invasions and promoting Hindu culture.
25
What was the Srivijaya Empire?
A Buddhist maritime empire that controlled strategic trade routes between China and India.
26
What were the Rajput kingdoms?
A collection of warrior clans in northern India that played a central role in resisting Muslim invasions.
27
What was the Khmer Empire?
A powerful Southeast Asian empire famous for its advanced architectural achievements, especially Angkor Wat.
28
What was the Majapahit Empire?
A Hindu-Buddhist empire in Southeast Asia known for its dominance in maritime trade.
29
What was the Sukhothai Kingdom?
One of the first Thai kingdoms, known for adopting Theravada Buddhism as the state religion.
30
What were the Sinhala dynasties?
Buddhist kingdoms in Sri Lanka known for their advanced irrigation systems.
31
What were the Maya city-states?
Independent Mesoamerican states with deep knowledge of astronomy and agriculture.
32
What were the Mexica (Aztecs)?
A powerful empire in central Mexico known for its hierarchical society and tribute system.
33
What was the Inca civilization?
A highly organized Andean civilization known for advanced engineering and managing a vast empire without a written language.
34
What was Chaco?
An Ancestral Puebloan society known for its large adobe buildings and sophisticated trading network.
35
What was Mesa Verde?
A cliff-dwelling society known for advanced agricultural techniques and community dwellings built into cliffs.
36
What was Cahokia?
A major Mississippian city-state known for its monumental mounds and extensive trade network.
37
What was Great Zimbabwe?
A kingdom known for its impressive stone architecture and wealth from trade.
38
What was Ethiopia known for?
A Christian kingdom that successfully resisted Islamic expansion and maintained its independence.
39
What were the Hausa kingdoms?
Independent city-states in West Africa thriving through trade and agriculture.
40
What is national unity?
Social cohesion promoted by state intervention policies to strengthen national identity.
41
What is totalitarian control?
Absolute power over all aspects of life, limiting freedom and opposition.
42
What is state-sponsored industrialization?
Government-driven economic development aimed at increasing industrial production.
43
What is mobilization of resources?
The strategic use of national resources, particularly during wartime.
44
What is repression?
The systematic suppression of dissent or political freedom, often through force.
45
What are purges?
The removal of individuals perceived as threats to the regime, typically through violent means.
46
What was the Armenian Genocide?
The mass killing of 1.5 million Armenians by the Ottoman Empire from 1915 to 1923.
47
What was the Ottoman Empire?
The historical empire responsible for the Armenian Genocide, spanning parts of Europe, Asia, and North Africa.
48
What was the Cambodian Genocide?
A genocide from 1975 to 1979 under the Khmer Rouge regime, resulting in the deaths of 1.5-2 million people.
49
Who was Pol Pot?
Leader of the Khmer Rouge, responsible for the Cambodian Genocide.
50
What was the Rwandan Genocide?
A mass killing in 1994 where approximately 800,000 Tutsis were murdered by the Hutu majority.
51
Who was the Hutu Majority?
The ethnic group in Rwanda responsible for the genocide against the Tutsi population in 1994.
52
What was the Holodomor?
A man-made famine in Ukraine from 1932 to 1933 under Joseph Stalin, causing millions of deaths.
53
What was forced collectivization?
Stalin's policy of consolidating individual farms into collective farms, leading to widespread famine.
54
What is the Non-Aligned Movement?
A political group that sought to avoid alignment with the U.S. or Soviet powers during the Cold War.
55
Who was Sukarno?
The first president of Indonesia and a prominent figure in the Non-Aligned Movement.
56
Who was Kwame Nkrumah?
The first president of Ghana, promoting African unity and independence.
57
What was the Korean War?
A conflict from 1950 to 1953 between communist North Korea and capitalist South Korea.
58
What are proxy wars?
Conflicts where superpowers support opposing sides without directly engaging in battle.
59
What is ethnic violence?
Violence targeting specific ethnic groups, often rooted in longstanding conflicts.
60
What is an agrarian communist society?
A societal model focused on collective farming and the promotion of communism.
61
What was the Angolan Civil War?
A prolonged conflict (1975-2002) involving various factions, with superpowers backing opposing sides.
"The Angolan Civil War was a protracted conflict that lasted from 1975 to 2002, primarily between the MPLA and UNITA factions in Angola following the country’s independence from Portugal. This war was heavily influenced by the Cold War dynamics, as it drew in support from the Soviet Union and Cuba for the MPLA, while the United States and South Africa backed UNITA, reflecting broader global tensions."
62
What was the Sandinista-Contras Conflict?
A conflict in Nicaragua during the 1980s between the Sandinista government and U.S.-backed Contra rebels.
"The Sandinista-Contra conflict in Nicaragua (1981-1990) was a proxy war during the Cold War, where the Sandinista government, supported by the Soviet Union and Cuba, faced off against the Contra rebels, backed by the United States."
63
What was the Vietnamese Independence struggle?
The struggle led by the Communist Party to gain independence from French colonial rule.
64
Who was Mengistu Haile Mariam?
The Ethiopian leader who implemented Marxist land reforms during political upheaval.
65
What was land reform in India?
Policies designed to reduce feudal landholdings and promote land distribution.
66
What was the White Revolution in Iran?
A series of reforms in the 1960s to modernize Iran, leading to discontent.
"...aimed at modernizing the country and promoting economic development. This program included land reforms, nationalization of forests and pastures, and the promotion of literacy and health care..."
67
What was the Indian National Congress?
A political party central to India's independence movement advocating for self-rule.
68
Who was Ho Chi Minh?
The leader of the Viet Minh and later North Vietnam, fighting for Vietnam's independence.
69
Who was Kwame Nkrumah?
Ghana's independence leader who led the first sub-Saharan African nation to independence in 1957.
70
Who was Gamal Abdel Nasser?
The Egyptian president who promoted Arab nationalism and led reforms to modernize Egypt.
71
What was India's Independence?
Achieved in 1947 through a non-violent resistance movement led by Mahatma Gandhi.
72
What was Gold Coast Independence?
Ghana became independent in 1957 under Kwame Nkrumah's leadership.
73
What was French West Africa Independence?
Former French colonies in West Africa gained independence through negotiations from 1958 to 1960.
74
What was the Algerian War of Independence?
A violent conflict between Algeria and France from 1954 to 1962 leading to Algeria's independence.
75
What was Angola's Independence?
The struggle for independence from Portugal, marked by the MPLA vs. FNLA/UNITA conflict.
76
What was Vietnam's Independence?
Achieved in 1954 after the Battle of Dien Bien Phu, where the Viet Minh defeated the French.
77
What was the Muslim League?
Led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah, advocating for the creation of Pakistan as a separate Muslim-majority state.
78
What was the Québécois Separatist Movement?
A movement in Quebec advocating for political independence from Canada.
79
What was the Biafra Secessionist Movement?
An attempt by the southeastern region of Nigeria to form the independent state of Biafra.
80
What was the creation of Israel?
Established in 1948 after the partition of Palestine, marking the creation of a Jewish state.
81
What were Cambodia's political changes?
Boundaries and governance in Cambodia were altered after independence, culminating in the Khmer Rouge's rise.
82
What was Pakistan's establishment?
Pakistan was created in 1947 as a Muslim-majority state after the partition of India.
83
What was Nasser's economic development?
Focused on nationalization and state-led development to modernize Egypt’s economy.
84
What were Indira Gandhi's policies?
Implemented state-led industrialization and nationalized several banks to modernize India's economy.
85
What was Julius Nyerere's Ujamaa?
Promoted African socialism through policies like rural collectivization and self-reliance.
86
Who was Sirimavo Bandaranaike?
The first female prime minister of Sri Lanka, known for implementing socialist policies.
87
What was South Asian migration?
Large-scale migration from former colonies in South Asia to Britain after decolonization.
88
What was Algerian migration to France?
Following Algeria's independence, many Algerians migrated to France due to colonial ties.
89
What was Filipino migration to the U.S.?
A significant increase in Filipino migration to the United States.
90
What is the Ujamaa program?
A program focused on self-reliance.
91
Who was Sirimavo Bandaranaike?
The first female prime minister of Sri Lanka, known for implementing socialist policies focused on the welfare state.
92
What was South Asian Migration?
Large-scale migration from former colonies in South Asia to Britain after decolonization, mainly for work and economic opportunities.
93
What prompted Algerian Migration to France?
Many Algerians migrated to France following Algeria's independence due to colonial ties and the aftereffects of the war.
94
What characterized Filipino Migration to the U.S.?
A significant increase in migration after World War II, driven by economic and political factors.
95
What was Chile under Pinochet?
A military dictatorship under Augusto Pinochet (1973-1990) marked by widespread human rights abuses and repression.
96
What was Spain under Franco?
Francisco Franco's authoritarian regime in Spain (1939-1975), characterized by repression of political opposition and strict control.
97
What was Uganda under Amin?
A brutal dictatorship led by Idi Amin in Uganda (1971-1979), marked by political violence and human rights violations.
98
What is the Military-Industrial Complex?
The close relationship between a country's military, government, and defense industry, fostering increased military spending and production.
99
What is Malaria?
A mosquito-borne disease that causes fever and can be fatal, primarily affecting tropical and subtropical regions.
100
What is Tuberculosis (TB)?
A bacterial lung infection that spreads through airborne particles, especially in overcrowded and impoverished areas.
101
What is Cholera?
A bacterial infection transmitted through contaminated water, causing severe diarrhea and dehydration.
102
What was the 1918 Influenza Pandemic?
A global pandemic that infected one-third of the world’s population, killing millions, mostly in the second wave.
103
What is Ebola?
A deadly viral hemorrhagic fever with outbreaks primarily in West and Central Africa, with high fatality rates.
104
What is HIV/AIDS?
A global pandemic that weakens the immune system, with a high prevalence in Sub-Saharan Africa.
105
What is Heart Disease?
A group of diseases affecting the heart, often linked to lifestyle factors like diet, exercise, and stress.
106
What is Alzheimer's Disease?
A neurodegenerative disease that causes memory loss, confusion, and cognitive decline, primarily affecting older adults.
107
Who was Ronald Reagan?
U.S. president (1981-1989) known for promoting neoliberal policies, including tax cuts and reducing government intervention in the economy.
108
Who was Margaret Thatcher?
British Prime Minister (1979-1990) who implemented economic policies known as 'Thatcherism,' emphasizing privatization and reducing government spending.
109
Who was Deng Xiaoping?
Leader of China (1978-1992) who opened China's economy to market reforms while maintaining tight political control.
110
Who was Augusto Pinochet?
Chilean dictator (1973-1990) who implemented neoliberal economic reforms with the assistance of economists from the University of Chicago.
111
What is Finland known for?
A country known for its knowledge-driven economy, focusing on high-tech industries and research and development.
112
What is Japan's economic status?
A global leader in technology and manufacturing, with a highly educated workforce contributing to its economic success.
113
What is the economic status of the United States?
A highly developed economy, known for its leadership in technology, finance, and knowledge sectors.
114
What role does Vietnam play in global manufacturing?
An important player in global manufacturing, particularly textiles and electronics, contributing significantly to the global supply chain.
115
What is Bangladesh known for?
A major hub for textile manufacturing and garment exports, playing a key role in global supply chains.
116
What is Mexico's economic status?
A country with a diverse economy, including strong automobile and electronics manufacturing industries.
117
What does Honduras export?
Key exports include textiles, bananas, and coffee, contributing to the global agricultural market.
118
What is the World Trade Organization (WTO)?
An international organization that oversees and regulates global trade to ensure it flows smoothly and predictably.
119
What is the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)?
A trade agreement between Canada, Mexico, and the U.S., aiming to reduce trade barriers and increase economic cooperation.
120
What is the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)?
A regional organization that promotes political and economic cooperation among Southeast Asian countries.
121
What are Multinational Corporations?
Large companies that operate in multiple countries, enabling global business operations.
122
What is Textile Manufacturing?
The production of fabrics and garments for the global market, particularly significant in developing countries.
123
What is Foreign Investment?
Investment made by a company or individual in another country, often in the form of capital, businesses, or resources.
124
What are Trade Agreements?
Agreements between countries to facilitate trade and enhance economic cooperation, often reducing tariffs and other barriers.
125
What is Economic Cooperation?
Collaboration between countries to boost mutual economic growth and development through trade, investments, and shared resources.
126
What are Labor Costs?
The total expenses incurred by employers for wages, salaries, and benefits paid to workers.
127
What are Exports?
Goods or services produced in one country and sold to other countries in international trade.
128
What is the Manufacturing Sector?
The sector of the economy that focuses on producing goods through the use of raw materials, labor, and machinery.
129
What is Nissan?
A Japanese automobile manufacturer known for innovation and global reach.
130
What is Mahindra and Mahindra?
An Indian multinational corporation that produces vehicles and machinery, with a focus on rural and agricultural development.
131
What is the U.N. Universal Declaration of Human Rights?
A 1948 declaration outlining fundamental human rights that should be universally protected.
132
What are Global Feminism Movements?
International advocacy for women's rights, gender equality, and the empowerment of women.
133
What is the Negritude Movement?
A literary and cultural movement in the 1930s that celebrated Black culture and opposed colonialism.
134
What is Liberation Theology?
A Catholic movement emphasizing social justice, particularly in Latin America, and advocating for the poor and oppressed.
135
What is the Right to Vote for Women?
The legal achievement of women's suffrage in many countries throughout the 20th century, granting women the right to vote.
136
What is the Female Literacy Increase?
The growing access to education for women globally, leading to increased literacy rates among women.
137
What is the U.S. Civil Rights Act of 1965?
U.S. legislation that eliminated racial discrimination in voting, public accommodations, education, and employment.
138
What marked the End of Apartheid?
The end of racial segregation and discrimination in South Africa, culminating in the 1994 elections that allowed Black South Africans to vote.
139
What is Caste Reservation in India?
Policies aimed at promoting equality for marginalized castes, particularly through affirmative action in education and employment.
140
What is Greenpeace?
An international environmental organization dedicated to addressing climate change and protecting the environment.
141
What is the Green Belt Movement?
An environmental organization founded by Wangari Maathai, focusing on tree planting and women's empowerment.
142
What is the World Fair Trade Organization?
A global network that promotes fair wages, working conditions, and environmental sustainability for producers in developing countries.
143
What is Reggae Music?
A music genre originating in Jamaica, popularized by Bob Marley, that symbolizes resistance and social change.
144
What is Bollywood?
The Hindi-language film industry, known for its vibrant productions and influence on global culture.
145
What are Social Media Platforms?
Online platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram that have revolutionized global communication and social interactions.
146
What is the BBC?
The British Broadcasting Corporation, known for its international news coverage and influence in global media.
147
What is the World Cup Soccer?
A prestigious global soccer tournament held every four years, showcasing international athletic excellence.
148
What are Online Commerce Platforms?
Platforms like Alibaba and eBay that facilitate global buying and selling of goods and services.
149
What are Global Brands?
Companies like Toyota and Coca-Cola that have a significant presence in international markets.
150
What is Anti-IMF Activism?
Protests against the policies and practices of the International Monetary Fund, which critics claim prioritize global financial interests over local development.
151
What is Weibo?
A Chinese social media platform that serves as an alternative to Western social media sites like Twitter.
