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AP WORLD PEOPLE TO KNOW Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

Queen Elizabeth I

A

brought religious peace to England and destroyed the Spanish Armada

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2
Q

William and Mary

A

After Glorious Revolution, signed English Bill of Rights

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3
Q

Indira Gandhi

A

leader of India during the Cold War who developed nukes and allied with the USSR

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4
Q

Golda Meir

A

prime minister of Israel who led country to victory in Yom Kippur War

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5
Q

Margaret Thatcher

A

the “Iron Lady” who led conservatives in Britain during the 1980s and was a friend to the USA

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6
Q

Jesus

A

the New Testament, founded the Christian Bible, tells of his birth, death, and ressurection

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7
Q

Muhammad

A

the final prophet, tasked with spreading the word of Allah to the world

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8
Q

Siddhartha Gautama

A

Said that the way to end suffering is found in the Middle Way, by following the Eight-fold Path

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9
Q

Asoka

A

Indian king who converted to Buddhism and spread faith to eastern Asia

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10
Q

Michelangelo

A

artistic accomplishments like David and the Sistine Chapel

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11
Q

Leonardo da Vinci

A

“Renaissance man” talented in many fields; painted the Mona Lisa

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12
Q

Shakespeare

A

Writer of the Northern Renaissance, works on human emotion still influence people today

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13
Q

Erasmus

A

Christian humanist whose works like “In Praise of Folly” tried to reform Catholicism

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14
Q

Gutenberg

A

Invention of moveable type press advanced literacy, science, reason, and the Enlightenment

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15
Q

Martin Luther

A

95 theses pointed out corruption in the Catholic church and sparked the Reformation

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16
Q

John Calvin

A

His new church taught the belief that God has already chosen who will be saved

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17
Q

King Henry VIII

A

dismissed the authority of the pope when he was denied the right to divorce his wife

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18
Q

Jan Hus

A

early attacks on the Catholic church paved the way for reformers but led to his execution

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19
Q

John Wycliffe

A

Another early reformer who translated the New Testament to English

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20
Q

Nicolaus Copernicus

A

His work in developing the heliocentric theory is considered the starting point of astronomy

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21
Q

Johannes Kepler

A

Used math to prove that the planets move in an elliptical orbit around the sun

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22
Q

Galileo Galilei

A

His telescope proved the heliocentric theory correct, but he was put on trial by the Church

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23
Q

Isaac Newton

A

He developed the laws of motion after theorizing that gravity holds objects to the earth

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24
Q

William Harvey

A

Through experimentation and observation, he found that blood is circulated through the heart

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25
Henry the Navigator
Encouraged navigation by starting a school for navigators and funding many sea voyages
26
Vasco da Gama
First European to reach India by sailing around the southern tip of Africa
27
Christopher Columbus
His journeys to the "New World" established permanent European settlements
28
Hernando Cortes
Spanish conquistador who conquered the Aztec empire and executed their king, Montezuma
29
Francisco Pizarro
Led a Spanish expedition to the Andes Mountains where they defeated the Incan empire
30
Ferdinand Magellan
Voyage around the world made him the first to circumnavigate the globe
31
Francis Drake
Second person to circumnavigate the world, but the first from England
32
Jacques Cartier
His attempts to find a Northwest passage to India led to his discovery of Canada for France
33
Louis XIV
built the Palace of Versailles as a symbol of royal power as the "Sun King"
34
Peter the Great
After visiting Europe, he returned to Russia with plans to westernize the nation
35
Louis XVI
his failure to deal with unrest among the estates led to his execution in the French Revolution
36
Napoleon
ended the French Revolution, named himself Emperor, and tried to unite all of Europe
37
Oliver Cromwell
As leader of the Roundheads, he led the Puritans to victory and and set up a dictatorship
38
Charles I
His refusal to work with parliament led to the Civil War that ended when he was beheaded
39
Charles II
asked by Parliament to restore England to a monarchy after the death of Cromwell
40
William (and Mary)
after Glorious Revolution, he signed the English Bill of Rights and ruled with his wife
41
Voltaire
he advocated for religious toleration and separation of church and state
42
Thomas Hobbes
wrote that an absolute monarch is best for self-protection in his book, Leviathan
43
John Locke
in Two Treatises of Government, he explained that our natural rights should be protected
44
Montesquieu
wrote The Spirit of Laws, that argued for a separation of powers in government
45
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
his book, the Social Contract, stated that government is a contract between rulers and the people
46
Thomas Jefferson
was inspired by other Enlightenment thinkers when writing the Declaration of Independence
47
Johann Sebastian Bach
composed symphonies in the great, baroque style of music
48
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
his classical music compositions are still considered some of the world's best
49
Miguel de Cervantes
his most famous book, Don Quixote, was the first full-length novel written in Europe
50
Eugene Delacroix
painted in the Romantic style and is best known for Liberty Leading the People
51
Father Miguel Hidalgo
Catholic priest who incited the people to revolt through a sermon
52
Toussaint L'Ouverture
led a successful slave rebellion against France on the island of Haiti
53
Simon Bolivar
led the movements for independence from the Spanish in South America
54
James Monroe
Monroe Doctrine guaranteed independence for the Americas against European intervention
55
Count Cavour
used strategic alliances to unite the northern states of Italy against Austria and France
56
Giuseppe Garibaldi
nationalist leader of the unification movement in southern Italy who relied on war
57
Otto von Bismarck
"Iron Chancellor" who used warfare to unite the German states under Wilhelm I
58
James Hargreaves
invented the spinning jenny, which allowed textile factories to spin cotton at much faster rates
59
James Watt
invention of the steam engine allowed factories and trains to be powered by coal
60
Eli Whitney
his invention of the cotton gin increased demand for slaves in the United States
61
Henry Bessemer
his steel making process made it faster and cheaper to produce steel
62
Edward Jenner
discovered he could inoculate people against smallpox by injecting them with cowpox
63
Louis Pasteur
Pasteurization and Germ Theory of Disease are just 2 of his contributions to science
64
Adam Smith
in The Wealth of Nations, described his theory of a free-market, laissez faire economy
65
Karl Marx
co-wrote the Communist Manifesto to describe the plight of the working class
66
Friedrich Engels
books described the class struggle that would lead from capitalism to communism

ap world :( (5 decks)

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