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AP World History > AP World Review > Flashcards

AP World Review Flashcards

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1
Q

The Song Dynasty emphasized which religion?

A

Neo-Confucianism, which sought to get rid of Confucian thought of the influence of Buddhism

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2
Q

3 ways that the Song Dynasty maintained its economy…

A

Commercialization of the economy, agricultural innovation like champa rice, and the expansion of the Grand Canal

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3
Q

Why did Muslim rule expand when relating to the Dar-Al Islam?

A

Military expansion, Muslim merchants, and Muslim missionaries.

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4
Q

The Aztecs created a large system of _______ states

A

Tribute states

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5
Q

Mit’a System

A

System implemented by the Incas, which required all people under their rule to provide labor on state projects

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6
Q

As a result of being influenced by Muslim traders, the Swahili civilization rapidly became _______

A

Islamic

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7
Q

Ethiopia differed from other African states because…

A

They were mainly Christian instead of Muslim

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8
Q

Who produced goods like porcelain and silk?

A

The Indians, Chinese, and Persians

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9
Q

Why did the Mali Empire grow so wealthy?

A

Because of camels and camel saddles

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10
Q

What were the cultural effects of connectivity?

A

The transport of religion/belief systems, literary and artistic transfers, scientific/technological innovations like gunpowder, and the rise/fall of cities.

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11
Q

What were the environmental effects of connectivity?

A

The transfer of crops like champa rice, and the transfer of disease, like the Bubonic plague.

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12
Q

How did gunpowder spread after originating in China?

A

The Silk Road

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13
Q

When did the Ottoman Empire conquer Constantinople and rename it Istanbul?

A

1453

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14
Q

Who were the Janissaries?

A

Originally Christian boys who were converted to Islam by the Ottoman rulers

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15
Q

Who ruled the Safavid Empire?

A

Shah Ismail

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16
Q

Why did the Safavid Empire start to use gunpowder?

A

Because they originally lacked defensive borders, so when their military was later developed by Shah Abbas, they were attracted to gunpowder.

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17
Q

The Ottomans were _____ and the Safavids were ____

A

The Ottomans were Sunni and the Safavids were Shi’a.

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18
Q

Difference between Sunni and Shi’a Muslim

A

Sunni Muslims believed that the rightful successor to Muhammad could be anyone spiritually fit for the role. The Shi’a’s believed that only blood relatives of Muhammad could be his legitimate successor.

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19
Q

Who expanded the Mughal Empire?

A

Babur’s grandson, Akbar

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20
Q

The Mughals were _____ Muslim

A

Sunni Muslim

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21
Q

By the start of the ____’s, the Qing Dynasty/Manchu Empire was growing weak

A

By the start of the 1600’s

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22
Q

Why did the Safavid-Mughal conflict emerge?

A

Because of disputes over Afghan territory

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23
Q

4 administrative/ruling methods of the Mughal, Qing, Ottoman, and Safavid empires included?

A

The creation of large bureaucracies, the development of military professionals, religious ideas, art/monumental architecture, and innovations in tax collection systems.

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24
Q

Devshirme System

A

Ottoman system where officials staffed their bureaucracies with highly-trained individuals.

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25
Who were the Zandimars?
Elite landowners in the Mughal Empire who were granted authority to tax peasants living on their land on behalf of the imperial government
26
How did the Catholic Church grow weak?
Through simony and indulgences
27
Sikhism
A syncretic mix of Islamic and Hindu doctrines that was practiced in South Asia that believed in only one god and the cycle of reincarnation and death, but disregarded the gender hierarchies of Islam as well as the Hindu caste system.
28
What were the 3 motives for European exploration?
The adoption of maritime technologies and innovations that came from classical Greek, Asian, and Islamic worlds (magnetic compass, lateen sail, and astrolabe,) the growth of state power, and economic systems like mercantilism
29
Portugal was initially interested in the ____ trade of West Africa, but by the ____'s they became interested in the Indian Ocean.
Portugal was initially interested in the gold trade of West Africa, but by the 1440's they became interested in the Indian Ocean.
30
Spain colonized the ___________ and implemented tribute collection and coerced labor.
Spain colonized the Philippines and implemented tribute collection and coerced labor.
31
France became interested in exploration and then colonized regions in ______ and received ___ from there.
France became interested in exploration and then colonized regions in Canada and received fur from there.
32
Europeans introduced which diseases to the Americas?
Smallpox and measles
33
What is cash cropping?
The practice where a single crop- like sugar- was made and then transported back to the Americas.
34
The Columbian Exchange led to the establishment of ___________ in the Caribbean.
Plantations in the Caribbean
35
What helped with Japanese unification?
Tokugawa shogunate Iyeasu being interested in gunpowder weapons from Europe.
36
Many Japanese people had converted to Christianity by the mid- ____'s.
Mid-1500's
37
Maroon Societies
Societies in the Caribbean and Brazil that consisted of runaway slaves
38
Why did the Asante Empire become wealthy?
Because they possessed what imperial powers wanted- ivory, gold, and slaves.
39
The Kingdom of Kongo allied with ________ and provided them with...
Allied with Portugal and gave them gold, copper, and slaves.
40
Where did Spain get silver from?
The America's
41
What were the 4 new labor systems?
Chattel slavery, indentured servitude, the encomienda system, and the hacienda system
42
The Enlightenment promoted which 6 big ideas?
The individual, natural rights, the Social Contract, Popular Sovereignty, Democracy, and Liberalism
43
What were the 4 effects of the Enlightenment?
The expansion of suffrage, the increasing call for women's suffrage, the abolition of slavery, and the abolition of serfdom.
44
The Declaration of the ______ __ ___ ___ _______ and the Declaration of ____________ ultimately inspired Revolutions based on Enlightenment principles
Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen and the Declaration of Independence
45
After Napoleon invaded Spain in ____, Latin American nations revolted, and Simon Bolivar wrote the _______ ______, which called for independence.
After Napoleon invaded Spain in 1808, Latin American nations revolted, and Simon Bolivar wrote the Jamaica Letter, which called for independence.
46
Which movement in the Philippines called for self-rule?
The Propaganda Movement of 1880
47
What was a big result of industrialization?
The increase in the specialization of labor
48
When did the US industrialize?
The end of the 1800's
49
Who invented the steam engine?
James Watt
50
Who championed the idea of laissez-fair and criticized mercantilism?
Adam Smith
51
Karl Marx developed the idea of __________ _________
Scientific Socialism, where the bourgeoisie were the upper class, and they were overthrown by the proletariat, and means of production would be controlled by them and a classless society would be established.
52
Who hindered Chinese industrialization and why?
Chinese conservatives who felt as if industrialization would threaten the power of the landowning class.
53
The Ottoman Tanzimat reforms included what?
The implementation of factories, railroads, and the adoption of Western-style law codes.
54
What were the 3 motives of imperialism?
Nationalism, social darwinism, and civilizing mission
55
In his poem "___ _____ ___'_ ______," Rudyard Kipling claims that it's a white man's responsibility to serve the lower races
In his poem "The White Man's Burden," Rudyard Kipling claims that it's a white man's responsibility to serve the lower races
56
Why did the Belgian government take the colony of Congo away from King Leopold?
Because he exploited them too extremely
57
When was the Berlin Conference?
1884, and was initiated by Otto Von Bismarck
58
What treaty was signed in order to end the first Opium War?
The Treaty of Nanking, which was signed in 1842
59
What treaty was signed in order to end the second Opium Wa?
The Unequal Treaty in 1860
60
What was the United Fruit Company?
Company that existed in Latin America that organized their economies around the export of fruits, especially bananas.
61
Difference between economic imperialism and the economics of imperialism
Economic imperialism was used by states to extend control over various places, while the economics of imperialism were how global economies changed as a result of the larger development of imperialism.
62
Export economies revolved around...
Cotton in India, palm oil in west Africa, and cash cropping in the Americas.
63
Causes of migration:
Environmental conditions like the Irish Potato Famine of the 1840's, and relocating in search of work
64
Effects of migration:
Gender imbalance, nativism, and ethnic enclaves
65
Why did imperial subjects begin to question political authority?
Because of enlightened ideas like natural rights and popular sovereignty
66
Yaa Asantewaa War
War in 1900 where Queen Yaa Asantewaa ordered resistance against British imperialists. Also called the Golden Stool War
67
What did the Young Ottomans call for?
Liberal reforms to check the absolutist tendencies of the sultan
68
When did the Young Turks overthrow the sultan?
1908
69
Why did the Russian middle class become resistant towards the conservatism of Nicholas II's absolutism?
Because Russia industrialized under him
70
Why did the Qing Dynasty officially end?
Because Japan and France stopped the Boxer Rebellion, and Sun Yat Sen started a reform that contributed to this
71
When was the Franco-Prussian War?
1871
72
When did the US enter WW1?
1917
73
When did Franklin D Roosevelt implement the New Plan?
1930
74
Part of the Treaty of Versailles called for the creation of the ______ __ _______
League of Nations
75
When did Japan invade Manchuria?
1931
76
WW2 causes included:
Unsustainable terms of peace, continued imperialist aspirations, global economic crises, and the rise of fascist and totalitarian states
77
WW2 officially started after...
Germany invaded Poland
78
How did Chinese communism differ from Soviet communism?
Chinese leaders like Mao Zedong promoted collectivization of agriculture peacefully instead of aggressively like the USSR, and China also initiated the Great Leap Forward which sought to industrialize China in rural areas, unlike the Five Year Plan which aimed to modernize the USSR in urban areas
79
Why did Mao Zedong's policies hurt his citizens?
Because he exported the grains that sick Chinese people needed in order to survive and counteract Famine, and he also refused foreign aid in order to care for his citizens

AP World History (7 decks)

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