AP03 Arterial and Venous Trees

Question 1

What forms the anastomoses around the elbow?

Answer 1

the profunda brachii and brachial artery

Question 2

Which vein is used in venepuncture in the arm, is it superficial or deep?

Answer 2

median cubital vein

Question 3

What is different about the IVC tributaries from the right to left side?

Answer 3

right renal, suprarenal, and gonadal veins are separate

left suprarenal and gonadal veins are tributaries of the left renal vein

Question 4

What is different about the IVC and abdominal aorta?

Answer 4

abdominal aorta is connected to the GIT, this does not occur in the IVC because this blood travels directly to the liver via the venous portal system

Question 5

What are the tributaries to the portal vein?

Answer 5

superior mesenteric vein
gastric veins
splenic vein (inferior mesenteric tributary)

Question 6

What is the relationship between the ovarian, uterine, and vaginal arteries to the internal iliac artery?

Answer 6

the uterine and vaginal arteries are branches of the internal iliac artery

the ovarian artery is a branch of the uterine artery

Question 7

Are there any venous valves in the head and neck?

Answer 7

generally, no

the only one is the internal jugular vein valve, which prevents backflow from the superior vena cava wooshing in!

Question 8

What is collateral circulation?

Why is it important for coronary heart disease?

Answer 8

network of tiny blood vessels which aren’t usually open

when coronary arteries are so narrow, collateral vessels enlarge and become active

Question 9

What is an AV shunt?

Answer 9

bypassing oxygenation, blood moves from the venous to arterial side skipping pulmonary ciculation

Question 10

Name 2 examples of A-V shunts

Answer 10

Thesbian veins

bronchial circulation

Question 11

What are varicose veins?

Answer 11

failure of valves separating the deep veins of the leg and the superficial great saphenous vein

Question 12

What types of repairs are used for AAA?

Answer 12

open aneurysm repair

endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR)

Question 13

What proportion of the adult population has a median artery?

Answer 13

35%

Question 14

What does the axillary vein drain?

Answer 14

arm
axilla
superolateral chest wall

Question 15

What does the cephalic vein drain?

Answer 15

radial hand
forearm
arm

Question 16

How does the cephalic vein communicate with the basilic vein?

Answer 16

median cubital vein

Question 17

What does the median antebrachial vein do?

Answer 17

drains venous plexus on the palmar surface of he hand

Question 18

What does the superior epigastric artery branch from?

Answer 18

internal thoracic artery

Question 19

What does the deep inferior epigastric artery branch off?

Answer 19

external iliac

Question 20

What does the superficial inferior epigastric branch off?

Answer 20

femoral artery

Question 21

What does the coeliac trunk supply?

Answer 21

foregut (terminal oesophagus to duodenum)

Question 22

What does the SMA supply?

Answer 22

midgut (duodenum to 1/3 of colon)

Question 23

What does the IMA supply?

Answer 23

hindgut (last 2/3 of colon)

Question 24

Name 4 tributaries of the splenic vein

Answer 24

short gastric veins
left gastro-omental vein
pacreatic veins
IMV

Question 25

Name 7 tributaries of the SMV

Answer 25

``` right gastric-omental vein anterior and posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal veins jejunal vein ileal vein ileocolic right colic middle colic ```

Question 26

What tributaries contribute to the internal iliac vein?

Answer 26

``` superior and inferior gluteal veins internal pudendal vein obturator vein lateral sacral veins middle rectal vein vesical veins uterine and vaginal veins ```

Question 27

What tributaries contribute to the external iliac vein?

Answer 27

inferior epigastric veins | deep circumflex iliac veins

Question 28

What are the branches of the exernal carotid artery?

Answer 28

``` superior thyroid artery ascending pharyngeal artery lingual artery facial artery occipital artery posterior auricular artery maxillary artery superficial temporal artery ```

Question 29

How do vertebral arteries enter the brain?

Answer 29

foramen magnum, they then converge to form the basilar artery

Question 30

What drains into the external jugular vein?

Answer 30

``` posterior auricular vein retromandibular vein (posterior branch, with contributions from maxillary and superficial temporal veins) ```