ap2

Question 1

The movement of people from one place to another for work, study, or residence.

Answer 1

Migration

Question 2

Moving within the same country (e.g., Manila to Cebu).

Answer 2

internal migration

Question 3

Moving across borders (e.g., Filipinos working in Canada).

Answer 3

international migration

Question 4

• Economic reasons (better jobs, higher salaries)
• Political instability (wars, conflicts)
• Environmental factors (natural disasters)

Answer 4

common causes of migration?

Question 5

What are the effects of migration on individuals?

Answer 5

Financial improvement but emotional stress (family separation).

Question 6

What are the effects of migration on communities?

Answer 6

Urbanization and overpopulation in cities.

Question 7

What are the effects of migration on the economy?

Answer 7

Remittances help the home country but lead to ‘brain drain.’

Question 8

A country’s sovereignty over land, waters, and airspace.

Answer 8

territorial boundaries

Question 9

What are natural boundaries?

Answer 9

Mountains, rivers, seas.

Question 10

Man-made divisions between countries.

Answer 10

political boundaries?

Question 11

Based on UNCLOS (United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea).

Answer 11

maritime boundaries

Question 12

Why do territorial disputes happen?

Answer 12

• Resources (oil, gas, fish)
• Historical claims (past ownership)
• Strategic location (important for military or trade route)

Question 13

What is a key territorial dispute involving the Philippines?

Answer 13

West Philippine Sea (China vs. Philippines).

Question 14

What is the significance of the ‘Nine-Dash Line’?

Answer 14

China claims parts of the sea, but in 2016, the PCA ruled in favor of the Philippines.

Question 15

What is Benham Rise?

Answer 15

A vast undersea plateau located in the northeastern part of the Philippines’ Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), east of Luzon.

Question 16

What is the Sabah dispute?

Answer 16

The Philippines claims Sabah was leased to Britain, not sold, while Malaysia rejects this claim.

Question 17

When a family holds multiple government positions across generations.

Answer 17

political dynasty?

Question 18

Pre-colonial period

Answer 18

Datus passed leadership to their children.

Question 19

What are the causes of political dynasties?

Answer 19

• Weak laws (no strong Anti-Dynasty Law)
• Voter loyalty (Filipinos vote based on ‘utang na loob’)
• Economic power (wealthy families control elections)

Question 20

What are the effects of political dynasties?

Answer 20

• Less accountability and more corruption
• Fewer opportunities for new leaders

Question 21

What are examples of political dynasties in the Philippines?

Answer 21

• Marcos Family (Ilocos Norte)
• Duterte Family (Davao)
• Binay Family (Makati)

Question 22

The abuse of power for personal gain.

Answer 22

is corruption

Question 23

What are the types of corruption?

Answer 23

• Bribery – Giving money to influence government decisions.
• Embezzlement – Stealing public funds.
• Nepotism – Giving jobs to family and friends instead of qualified people.
• Patronage Politics (Padrino System) – Gaining favors through connections.

Question 24

What are the effects of corruption on government?

Answer 24

Weak institutions and poor governance.

Question 25

What are the effects of corruption on the economy?

Answer 25

Fewer foreign investments, slower growth.

Question 26

What are anti-corruption laws in the Philippines?

Answer 26

* RA 3019 (Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act) * Presidential Anti-Corruption Commission (PACC)

Question 27

Basic freedoms that all people deserve, regardless of nationality, gender, religion, or status.

Answer 27

human rights

Question 28

These are characteristics of human rights?

Answer 28

* Universal – Apply to everyone. * Inalienable – Cannot be taken away. * Interdependent – All rights are equally important. * Protected by law – Guaranteed by national and international laws.

Question 29

What are the types of human rights?

Answer 29

* Civil Rights – Freedom of speech, right to privacy. * Political Rights – Right to vote, participate in government. * Economic Rights – Fair wages, safe working conditions. * Cultural Rights – Freedom of religion and language. * Social Rights – Education, healthcare.

Question 30

What are common human rights violations in the Philippines?

Answer 30

* Extrajudicial Killings (EJKs) – Unlawful executions in the war on drugs. * Red-Tagging – Labeling activists as terrorists. * Election Fraud – Manipulating votes. * Forced Labor & Human Trafficking – Exploitation of workers.

Question 31

What are the effects of human rights violations on individuals?

Answer 31

Psychological trauma, fear, limited opportunities.

Question 32

What are the effects of human rights violations on communities?

Answer 32

Weak social bonds, increased violence.

Question 33

What are the effects of human rights violations on the economy?

Answer 33

Brain drain, loss of investments.

Question 34

What laws protect human rights?

Answer 34

* Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR, 1948) * 1987 Philippine Constitution (Bill of Rights, Article III) * Commission on Human Rights (CHR)

Question 35

Wealthy Filipino elites (principalia) gained power.

Answer 35

Spanish period

Question 36

Many provinces are still controlled by powerful families.

Answer 36

Modern times

Question 37

The same families controlled politics.

Answer 37

American period

Question 38

Apply to everyone.

Answer 38

Universal

Question 39

Inalienable

Answer 39

Cannot be taken away.

Question 40

Interdependent

Answer 40

All rights are equally important.

Question 41

Guaranteed by national and international laws.

Answer 41

Protected by law

Question 42

defines migration as the movement of a person or group of persons, either across an international border, or within a state.

Answer 42

International Organization for Migration (IOM)