ap2 quiz test Flashcards
(160 cards)
1
Q
Bradycardia is > 60 beats/min
A
False
2
Q
tachycardia is defined as >100beats/min
A
True
3
Q
Systemic circulation involves the right side of the heart
A
False
4
Q
Blood is taken to the lungs from the left ventricle
A
False
5
Q
The SA node is the peacemaker of the heart and is found in the left atrium
A
False
6
Q
Endothelial cells make up the epicardium
A
False
7
Q
The thickest layer of the heart is the myocardium
A
True
8
Q
the pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood
A
True
9
Q
The pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood
A
True
10
Q
The right AV valve is also called the mitral valve
A
False
11
Q
The left AV valve is also called the bicuspid valve
A
True
12
Q
Normal heart rate is 70-80 beats/min
A
True
13
Q
Gap junction keep cardiomyocytes from separating
A
False
14
Q
At -60mV, sodium channels open rapidly
A
False
15
Q
The RMP of the SA node os -60 volts
A
False
16
Q
Sa node RMP is unstable
A
True
17
Q
Sympathetic stimulation decreases diastolic depolarization
A
False
18
Q
Potassium channels close at -60 mV
A
True
19
Q
Pacemaker potential refers to slow depolarization
A
True
20
Q
A cardiac cycle is ~8 seconds
A
False
21
Q
The first line of defense is an adaptive response
A
False
22
Q
The second line of defense is an adaptive response
A
False
23
Q
the third line of defense is non-specific and lacks memory
A
False
24
Q
The cell mediated response requires T cells
A
True
25
The antibody response is also called the humoral response
True
26
Lysozyme degrades bacterial cell walls
True
27
Lymphocytes are examples of phagocytes
False
28
Natural killer cells destroy bacteria-infected cells
False
29
natural killer cells destroys cancer cells
True
30
A phagolysosome consists of a phagocytic vesicle and lysosomal enzymes
True
31
Alveolar macrophages are found in the liver
False
32
Microglia are macrophages found in the central nervous system
True
33
Histamine is a potent vasoconstrictor
False
34
LPF stimulates the proliferation of leukocytes in the bone marrow
True
35
Heparin is an anticlotting agent
True
36
Interferons are produced primarily in response to bacterial infections
False
37
Lymphocytes produce gamma interferons
True
38
CRP is a non-specific clinical marker of the inflammatory response
True
39
The alternate pathway for activation of complement requires an antibody
False
40
Peptidoglycan is an example of a PAMP
True
41
Lysosomes degrade bacteria only
False
42
T-helper cells have CD8+ coreceptors
False
43
T-helper cells have CD8+ coreceptors
False
44
Cytotoxic T cells induce apoptosis
True
45
Immediate hypersensitivity involves T cells
False
46
Delayed hypersensitivity involved antibodies
False
47
A positive TB skin test is an example of immediate hypersensitivity
False
48
T-helper cells recognize antigens on MHC-II
True
49
Gamma interferons is produced by lymphocytes
True
50
IgA is also Known as secretary antibody
True
51
Interferons can activate macrophages and NK cells
True
52
Histamine is a bronchoconstrictor
True
53
Adaptive immunity is systemic
True
54
An epitope is an antibody determinant
False
55
One antigen can have many epitopes
True
56
IgG accounts for about 10% of gamma globulins
False
57
Anti-Rh antibody is an IgG-type antibody
True
58
IgM is a pentameric molecules
True
59
IgM can cross the placenta to cause erythroblastosis fetalis
False
60
Contact dermatitis is an example of delaying hypersensitivity
True
61
decrease in temperature increase O2 disassociation from hemoglobin
False
62
Increase H+ decreases O2 disassociation from hemoglobin
False
63
Increase in H+ shifts the O2 disassociation curve to the right
True
64
The least common, yet most dangerous lung cancer is small cell
True
65
BPG is a by product of anaerobic fermentation
True
66
BPG enhances O2 disassociation from hemoglobin
True
67
Elevated temperature increase BPG Levels
True
68
An increased level of CO2 increases the pH of blood
False
69
Normal blood pH is between pH 6.35 - 6.45
False
70
Increased levels of CO2 lead to acidosis
True
71
Increased levels of O2 lead to alkalosis
True
72
Hyperventilation can lead to Acidosis
False
73
Hypoventilation can lead to alkalosis
False
74
Chemoreceptors detect changes in blood pressure
False
75
Carotid bodies are chemoreceptors
True
76
Aortic bodies are chemoreceptors
True
77
Central chemoreceptors are found in the medulla
True
78
Blueness of skin is called cyanosis
True
79
Cyanide can lead to histotoxic hypoxia
True
80
Pneumonia is caused by microbial infections
True
81
The functional unit of the kidney is called a glomerulous
False
82
A glomerulus is fed by an efferent arteriole
False
83
A glomerulus is drained by an afferent arteriole
True
84
The vasa recta branches off an efferent arteriole
True
85
Average blood hydrostatic pressure (BHP) is 55 mmHg
True
86
Average capsular pressure (CP) is 30mmHg
False
87
Average Colloid osmotic pressure (COP) is 15 mmHg
False
88
Net filtration pressure is- 10 mmHg
False
89
GFR is the glomerular filtration rate of one kidney
False
90
If Kf is 20 ml/min,and NFP is Normal, then GFR=125 ml/min
False
91
Aldosterone causes the kidneys to retain sodium
True
92
Autoregulation is the same as intrinsic control
True
93
Myogenic control is an intrinsic mechanism of control
True
94
Macula densa cells detect low levels of NaCl
False
95
Juxtaglomerular cells have phagocytic activity
False
96
Macula densa cells are chemoreceptors and osmoreceptors
True
97
A potential vasoconstrictor produced by macula densa cells is cAMP
False
98
Renin is found in macula densa cells
False
99
Juxtaglomerular cells are innervated by parasympathetic fibers
False
100
Angiotensin II reduces blood pressure
False
101
Human gametes have 46 Chromosomes
False
102
Female liver cells have 22 pairs of chromosomes and XX
True
103
Male gametes have 46 chromosomes and XY
False
104
Female liver cells have 22 pairs of chromosomes and XY
False
105
Eggs have 22 pairs of chromosomes and XX
False
106
Sperm cells have 22 pairs of chromosomes and XY
False
107
Gametes are diploid
False
108
Sperm and eggs are produced by meiosis from 1N cells
False
109
The paramesonephric duct degenerates in male embryos
True
110
The mesonephric duct develops into female reproductive tract
False
111
Sperm is produced in the epididymis
False
112
Eggs are stored in the epididymis
False
113
Sustantacular cells are also called Leydig cells
False
114
Interstitial cells have receptors for LH
False
115
Sustanticular cells have receptors for FSH
True
116
Leydig cells have receptors for LH
True
117
Cremaster muscle contract at high temperatures
False
118
The Dartos muscle contract when exposed to "cold" temperatures
True
119
Sperm is transported through the rete testes to epididymis
True
120
The midpiece of the sperm cell contains mitochondria
True
121
Gastroferritin is found in the stomach
True
122
Ferritin is the inactive iron storage molecule
False
123
Apoferritin transports iron to the liver
False
124
The acidity of the stomach converts Fe2+ to Fe3+
False
125
Normal Hematocrit from males is 42+/- 5%
False
126
Transferrin transports Fe2+ in the blood stream
True
127
Eosinophils increase in allergy and asthma
True
128
Eosinophils can phagocytose worms
True
129
Erythropoietin is required for WBC proliferation
False
130
An RBC's lifespan averages 220 days
False
131
Specifically, bilirubin is a byproduct of globin breakdown
False
132
Specifically, high biliverdin level result in jaundice
False
133
Lactic acid is among the nitrogenous wastes
False
134
Creatine is a waste product of cteatinine metabolism
False
135
Urea is a waste product of amino acid metabolism
True
136
Uric acid is waste product of urea metabolism
False
137
Normal pH of blood is pH 6.35-6.45
False
138
A hemoglobin concentration of 14 gm/dl is normal
True
139
Intrinsic factor is required for Vitamin B6 absorption
False
140
Basophils secrete histamine
True
141
The critical factor controlling stroke volume is preload
True
142
SV=EDV-ESV
True
143
At homeostasis, SV=~120ml - 130 ml
False
144
CO=HR x SV
True
145
If heart is 60 bpm and CO = 3600 ml; SV= 60 ml
True
146
EDV = amount of blood in ventricle during systole
False
147
ESV = amount of blood in the ventricle after contraction
True
148
SV = amount of blood pumped by heart per minute
True
149
Preload = amount ventricles are stretched by contained blood
True
150
Cardiac reserve = difference between resting and maximal CO
True
151
Epinephrine is a negative inotropic agent
False
152
Sympathetic fibers release the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine
False
153
The heart exhibits vagal tone
True
154
In dilated cardiomyopathy, atria stretch and become flabby
False
155
Left side failure of the heart results from pulmonary edema
True
156
Anastomosis is the merging of larger blood vessels
True
157
The aorta is an example of a distributing artery
False
158
Continuous capillaries make up the blood-brain barrier
True
159
Fenestrated capillaries are found in the liver
True
160
Sinusoid are found in bone marrow
True
