apes unit 3

Question 1

Optimal range (Fundamental niche)

Answer 1

range where organisms survive, grow, and reproduce

Question 2

Zone of physiological stress

Answer 2

range where organisms survive, but experience some stress such as infertility, lack of growth, decreased activity, etc.

Question 3

Zone of intolerance

Answer 3

range where the organism will die

Question 4

Niche generalist

Answer 4

species that live under a wide range of conditions.

Question 5

Niche specialist

Answer 5

species that live only in specific habitats.

Question 6

Natural Disturbances

Answer 6

Tornados, hurricanes, asteroids, forest fires, drought

Question 7

Periodic:

Answer 7

occurs with regular frequency (ex: dry-wet seasons)

Question 8

Episodic:

Answer 8

occasional events with irregular frequency (ex: hurricanes, droughts, fires)

Question 9

Random:

Answer 9

no regular frequency (volcanoes, earthquakes, and asteroids)

Question 10

Mass extinction

Answer 10

when large numbers of species went extinct over a relatively short period of time.

Question 12

5th global mass extinctions

Answer 12

Large amount of species extinct over time
we don’t know for sure but we have evidence (dinos)

Question 13

6th mass extinction

Answer 13

mainly human cause, last two decades effect the most

Question 14

why were preserve biodiversity

Answer 14

Intrinsic value
Instrumental value
Recreational pleasure
Ecotourism
For our children

Question 15

Genetic Diversity

Answer 15

Scientists want to conserve genetic diversity so that the species can survive environmental change and inbreeding (genetics wont breed together) will not occur.

The more genetic diversity in a population, the better the population can respond to environmental stressors (drought, disease, or famine)

Question 16

Low reproductive rate

Answer 16

it takes a long time to replace individuals

Question 17

Specialized Niche

Answer 17

requires very specific conditions to survive

Question 18

Narrow distribution

Answer 18

only found in a few places on earth

Question 19

Fixed migratory patterns

Answer 19

predators know where to find the organism and if pathway is disturbed the specie suffers

Question 20

Feeds at a high trophic level

Answer 20

requires a large habitat to support the full food chain

Question 21

Rare

Answer 21

population size is small (naturally or artificially) which reduces genetic diversity

Question 22

Commercially valuable

Answer 22

increases chances of being hunted legally or illegally.

Question 23

Large territory

Answer 23

require space due to mating patterns, dietary requirements or territory defenses. Makes it hard to survive in fragmented habitats or in places where humans are present.

Question 24

Endangerment by Taxon

Answer 24

• amphibians
  -mammals
  -birds
  -warm water coral
  -conifers

Question 25

Endangered Species: Passenger Pigeon

Answer 25

Used for all party of body - feathers pillows, bones for fertilizer, good to eat

Question 26

HIPCO

Answer 26

H- Habitat Loss I- Invasive Species P- Pollution C- Climate Change O- Overharvested

Question 27

Habitat Loss/Fragmentation

Answer 27

For most species the greatest cause of decline and extinction is habitat loss. Most habitat loss is due to human development

Question 28

Roles of Species

Answer 28

Native Non-native (invasive, alien, exotic) Indicator Keystone

Question 29

Native

Answer 29

Species that live in their historical range, typically where they have lived for thousands/millions of years

Question 30

Non-native

Answer 30

Species that migrate into an ecosystem or are deliberately or accidentally introduced into an ecosystem

Question 31

Invasive Species

Answer 31

Zebra Mussels Iguanas Stink Bug Cane Toads Wild hogs Lion Fish

Question 32

Alien species (exotic species)

Answer 32

species that live outside their historical range.

Question 33

Invasive species

Answer 33

when alien species spread rapidly across large areas

Question 34

Indicator

Answer 34

Species that serve as early warning of damage to a community or an ecosystem (most sensitive)

Question 35

Keystone

Answer 35

Species that play roles affecting many other organisms in an ecosystem Strong interaction with other species affect health and survival of species

Question 36

Pollution

Answer 36

Threats to biodiversity can come from toxic contaminants such as pesticides, heavy metals, acids, and oil spills.

Question 37

Climate Change

Answer 37

he concern is how climate change will affect temperature and precipitation around the world, and how this will impact biodiversity.

Question 38

Overharvesting

Answer 38

When individuals of a species are removed at a rate faster than the population can replace them. Ex- dodo, American bison, passenger pigeon