APES Unite 9 Flashcards
(56 cards)
1
Q
what does ozone in the atmosphere absorb
A
- it would absorb UV-C and UV-B radiation
- without this, life would not be possible as both UV-B and UV-C can cause issues and damage DNA
2
Q
The stratosphere ozone prevents
A
cancer and cataracts
3
Q
UV-B and UV-C in the amospehre causes
A
cancer and mutated DNA
4
Q
antophogenic ozone depletion can be caused by
A
- CFCs was a primary cause of ozone breakdown
- UV radiation can also breakdown the choline atom
5
Q
ozone absorbtion
A
- ozone absorbs UV-B and UV-C
-UV-C breaks down oxygen into two freeze oxygen atoms, which will combine with o2 to make ozone
6
Q
anthropogenic ozone depletions
A
- solar rays strike a CFC and breaks away a choline atom
- the chorine molecule bonds with one of the three oxygen atoms, causing it to break away
- another oxygen atom will bond with the oxygen-chorline atom, and that will repeat
7
Q
Where are CFCs found
A
- frdiges
- propellers in aresol containers
8
Q
natural ozone depletion
A
- antarctic spring melt forms polar stratospheric clouds, which are made of water and nitrates
- the PSC choline and hydrochloric acid will reach and chlorline will release.
- the chorine molecule bonds with one of the three oxygen atoms, causing it to break away
- another oxygen atom will bond with the oxygen-chorline atom, and that will repeat
9
Q
solar radiation stats
A
- 25 percent of solar radiation is reflected back into space
- 19 percent of solar radiation is absorbed by the amtopshera dnc clouds, then radiated out into space and the earth
- 66 percent of solar radiation goes to Earth’s surface and absorbed by lower abelido placed and reflected by higher abelido places into the clouds.
10
Q
greenhouse gasses
A
- Solar radiations strikes the earths surface, warming it
- earths surfaces releases infrared radiation
- greenhouse gasses absorb infrared radiation and radiate it into space and back into the earth
- portions of the heat coming back are known as greenhouse gas
11
Q
important greenhouse gasses
A
- Carbon dioxide (caused by fossil fuel combustion, decomposition, and deforestation)
- methane (relesed through extraction and combustion, agriculture, and anerobic decomposition
- N2O (agricultural soils)
- Water vapors (from plants)
12
Q
Global Warmign Potential
A
- measure of how a molecule with contrbute to atmospheric warming over time.
- based on the residence time and infared absorbtion
13
Q
thermal expansion and sea level
A
- water molecules move slighly apart when heated
- if all water molecules move apart,this leads to sea level rising
14
Q
Melting polar and glacier ice and sea levels
A
- increased greenhouse gasses lead ot warmer climates
- ice sheets and glaciers will melt.
15
Q
environmental impacts of sea level rise
A
- flooding of costal ecosystem like esturaries
- loss of species that depend on tundra and artic envirlments
- loss of thaw cycle for glaciers, leading tow water loss
16
Q
human impacts on sea level rise
A
- relocation of costal human populations
- increased floods
- saltwater intrusion
- higher pay/insurance/repair
- property loss
17
Q
vectors
A
- living organisms that transmit disease
- thrive in warmer enviorments
18
Q
obliquity
A
- exposes the northern latitude at higher insolation at different times
19
Q
ecentricity
A
- bringing the earth closer and further from the sun at different time
- more eccentric = more distance
20
Q
how do scientists measure climate change
A
- using CO2 levels; can be measured in ice cones
- foraraminfera shells in ocean sediments measures tempeeratures
-18 oxygen contains more heat than 16 oxygen
21
Q
effects of climate change
A
- increased temperature (habitat and species loss, drought, soil depletion, heat waves, and increased precipitation)
- rising sea levels
- melting permafrost (permantly frozen tundra soils that can thaw and release methane and CO2)
22
Q
climate change affect on atmospheric currents
A
- widening and wearing of the Hadley cell
- as the temperature difference between poles and equator decrease
- causes a weakend jet stream and less extreme cold spells in the eastern us and dry spells in the west
23
Q
climate change impact on marine ecosystems
A
- altered range of marine ecosystems due to sea level rise
-alternate ranges for organisms due to warmer water
24
Q
climate change impact on ocean circulation
A
- suppression of thermoline circulation
25
thermoline circulation
- global ocean current that redistrubtes heat from the equators and mixes nutrients by mixing ocean waters
26
unequal global warming
- polar regions warm faster than other regions, aparticulary the north pole due to more ice
- darker soot holds more heat due to decreased abelido
27
climate change imacts on polar ecosystems
- artic sea loss lead to habitat loss
28
atmospheric heating +ocean heating
- as the atmosphere warms, more heat is transferred into the oceans
29
ocean warming effects on marine species
- warmer water holds less oxgyen
- migration and mating times change
30
coral reefs
- a mutualistic relationship between coral and algae
- coral supplies dentruis and algae supplies sugar
31
coral bleeching
- algae have a low range of tolerance
- coral losses color and becomes stressed and becomes vuerbable to death and disease
32
ocean acidification
- increased carbon dioxide into the atmosphere increase carbon dioxide in the oceans
- carbon dioxide combines with water to form H2CO3 (carbonic acid) and dissociates into HCO3 (bicarbonate) and H+ (hydrogen)
33
calcium carbonate and marine organisms
- marine organisms that make their sheels use calcuma ND carbonate to build calcum- carbonate shells
- the calcium is less avaliable due to ocean acidification
34
climate change and ocean acidifaction
- human caused by fossil fuel combustion, deforestation, coral/gas combustion
- carbon dioxide release correlates with ocean acidifaction
- lesser pH more acidification
35
invasive species
- have no natural predators
- highly competitive
- can thrive in non-native habtitats
36
r- selected species
- high biotic potential
-low parential care
- highly adaptative
- diverse food and habiatat needs
37
zebra mussel
- transported by ships
- aggressive filter feeders that eat algae that organisms rely on
- can intake pipers
38
kudzu vines
- planted to limit soil erosion in the southern usa
- blocks sunglith and grows rapidy
- no native predators
39
asain carp
- brought in to control algae growth in aquatic farms
- escaped to the mississippie river and outcompetes native fish for food and space
- decreases fishery production and value
40
emerald ash borer
- spread by wood- packing materials of ships/planes/firewood
- large lay in bansk, eat tier way into the photem
- disrupts nutreitn transport
- increases with global warming
41
cane toad
- introduced to eat cane beetles and preven sugarcane loss in australia
- became invasive due to large apetite
- caused a decline in other ambiance and small animals
42
pythons
- brought to Florida as pets before they were released
- decimated mammal population in the everglades bu 90%
- aggressive hunters with no natural predators
43
control removal methods of invasive species
- laws to prevent transportation
- removing hosts
- cleaning boats
- introducing predators
- physical removal
44
how does poaching lead to endeangerment
- preaching exocitc animals could lead to overhunting
45
how does invasive species lead to endangerment
- invasive species can outcompete natives for sources
46
special foods and endangerment
- niche animals have a higher chance of going extinct
47
how does climate change endangerment
- shifts the habitat of many species
48
poaching protection
- hiring guards to monitor poaching
- fines/laws/punishments for poaching
49
CITIES
- international agreement to monitor endangered species
50
endangered species act
- USA law allowing animals to be monitored, along with trade
51
protecting wildlife habitats
- desigingin areas with specific habtiats
- prevents hunting/deforestation/fragmentation
- allows population growth
52
HIPPCO
- habitat fragmentation
- invasive species
- population growth
- pollutants
- climate change
- over explotation
53
habitat fragmintation
- raids and pipes can fragment habtiats, disrupt movmentsf and lead to fatal collosions
- agricultral and land uses- urbanization can lead to habitat loss
- logging can disrupt forests
54
metapopulations
- some species are more effected by fragmantion
- larger population need larger sppaces
55
edge effects
- where 2 different habitats meet each other
-increasing biodiversity and parasite
56
climate change
temperature- can shift biomes
precipitation- more precipitation; correlates with cooler weather
sea level rising- can lead to estuary flooding and slaination; and costal lines can become flooded
