apes vocab unit 1

Question 1

ecosystem

Answer 1

Ecosystem: a group of communities interacting together

Question 2

biosphere

Answer 2

Biosphere: another name for earth

Question 3

natural selection

Answer 3

Natural Selection: survival of the fittest

Question 4

watershed

Answer 4

Chesapeake Bay Watershed: Where Potomac River dumps into Atlantic Ocean. Extremely polluted with sediments and nutrients.

Question 5

salinity

Answer 5

Salinity: level of salt in the water

Question 6

brackish

Answer 6

Brackish: medium levels of salinity. Often occurs in wetlands where salt and freshwater mix.

Question 7

pontentail energy

Answer 7

Potential Energy: The energy stored. PE = mgh

Question 8

kinetic energy

Answer 8

Kinetic Energy: The energy in movement: KE = ½ mv2

Question 9

1st law of thermodyamics

Answer 9

1st Law of Thermodynamics: Energy is not created nor destroyed…changes forms

Question 10

2nd Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 10

2nd Law of Thermodynamics: No reaction is 100% efficient. Entropy is created after every energy transformation.

Question 11

entropy

Answer 11

Entropy: Disorder and chaos in a system.

Question 12

ecological fr print

Answer 12

Ecological footprint: a measure of human impact on Earth’s ecosystems. It’s typically measured in area of wilderness or amount of natural capital consumed each year.

Question 13

carrion

Answer 13

Carrion: the decaying flesh of dead animals

Question 14

phototrophs

Answer 14

Phototrophs: organisms that use light to perform photosynthesis. Often plants and phytoplankton.

Question 15

Chemotrophs

Answer 15

Chemotrophs: organisms that use chemicals to perform chemosynthesis. Often bacteria in deep sea vents.

Question 16

Heterotrophs

Answer 16

Heterotrophs: organisms that consume to obtain energy. Often herbivores and carnivores.

Question 17

primary consumer

Answer 17

Primary Consumer: first level heterotroph, eat primary producers

Question 18

Secondary consumer

Answer 18

Secondary Consumer: organism that eats primary consumer

Question 19

tertiary consumer

Answer 19

Tertiary Consumer: organism that eats secondary consumer

Question 20

Saprotrophs

Answer 20

: organism that eats dead organic materials (fungi and bacteria)

Question 21

food chain

Answer 21

Food Chain: a series of who eats whom with one pp, one pc, one sc, one tc

Question 22

food web

Answer 22

Food Web: a diagram of who eats whom for all organisms

Question 23

nnp

Answer 23

Net Primary Productivity: The biomass left over in a phototroph after photosynthesis and respiration takes place.

Question 24

gpp

Answer 24

Gross Primary Productivity: the rate of photosynthesis taking place in an area

Question 25

species diversity

Answer 25

Species diversity: a count of how many species are in an area.

Question 26

niche

Answer 26

Niche: an organism’s job in a community.

Question 27

hybird

Answer 27

Hybrid: the offspring of two different species.

Question 28

Germination

Answer 28

Germination: sprouting of a seed

Question 29

mutualism

Answer 29

Mutualism: a symbiosis where two species benefit from the relationship. Ex: oxpecker and rhino

Question 30

Commensalism

Answer 30

: a symbiosis where one species benefits and the other is neutral in the relationship. Ex: cattle egret and cow

Question 31

Parasitism

Answer 31

: a symbiosis where one species benefits and the other is harmed in the relationship. Ex: tapeworm and human

Question 32

Competitive Exclusion Principle

Answer 32

: species with the same niche in the same area cannot coexist

Question 33

keystone species

Answer 33

Keystone Species: often a dominant predator whose removal allows a prey population to explode and often decreases overall diversity. Ex: sea otter

Question 34

predation

Answer 34

Predation: the preying of one animal on others.

Question 35

mimicry

Answer 35

Mimicry: the close external resemblance of an animal or plant (or part of one) to another animal, plant, or inanimate object

Question 36

interspecific competition

Answer 36

Interspecific Competition: competition between two different species.

Question 37

Intraspecific competition

Answer 37

Intraspecific Competition: competition the same species.

Question 38

Aerobic

Answer 38

Aerobic: using oxygen

Question 39

Anaerobic

Answer 39

: using no oxygen