APGov.ch.12.Adrian.Olivares

Question 1

Thomas Jefferson

Answer 1

Principal drafter of the Declaration of Independence; second vice president of the US; third president of the US from 1801 to 1809. Co-founder of the Democratic-Republican party

Question 2

Donald J Trump

Answer 2

the forty fifth president, a Republican, elected in 2016; first president elected without prior political or military experienced businessman

Question 3

Hillary Clinton

Answer 3

First female major party candidate for president of the US, a Democrat, who ran against President Donald J. Trump in 2016. Secretary of State from 2009 to 2013; New York senator from 2001 to 2009; former first lady

Question 4

Electorate

Answer 4

the citizen eligible to vote

Question 5

Mandate

Answer 5

a command, indicated by an electorate’s votes, for the elected officials to carry out a party platform or policy agenda

Question 6

Primary Election

Answer 6

election in which voters decide which of the candidates within a party will represent the party in the general election

Question 7

Closed Primary

Answer 7

a primary election in which only a party’s registered voters are eligible to cast a ballot

Question 8

Open Primary

Answer 8

a primary election in which party members, independents, and sometimes members of the other party are allowed to participate

Question 9

Crossover voting

Answer 9

participation in the primary election of a party with which the voter is not affiliated

Question 10

Run over Primary

Answer 10

a second primary election between the two candidates receiving the greatest number of votes in the first primary

Question 11

General Election

Answer 11

election in which voters decide which candidates will actually fill elective public offices

Question 12

Initiative

Answer 12

an election that allows citizens to propose legislation or state constitutional amendments by submitting them to the electorate for popular vote

Question 13

Referendum

Answer 13

an election whereby the state legislature submits proposed legislation or state constitutional amendments to the voters for approval

Question 14

Pollster

Answer 14

a campaign consultant who conducts public opinion surveys

Question 15

Get-out-the-vote (GOTV)

Answer 15

a push at the end of a political campaign to encourage supporters to go to the polls

Question 16

Bernie Sanders

Answer 16

longest serving independent in the US Congress. Ran against Hillary Clinton in the 2016 Democratic presidential primary; senator from Vermont since 2007; first elected to the House of Representatives in 1991

Question 17

Positive ad

Answer 17

advertising on behalf of a candidate that stresses the candidate’s qualifications, family, and issue positions, with no direct reference to the opponent

Question 18

Negative ad

Answer 18

advertising on behalf of a candidate that attacks the opponent’s character or platform

Question 19

Contrast ad

Answer 19

ad that compares the records and proposals of the candidates, with a bias toward the candidate sponsoring the ad

Question 20

Inoculation ad

Answer 20

advertising that attempts to counteract an anticipated attack from the opposition before the attack is launched

Question 21

Federal election campaign act (FECA)

Answer 21

passed in 1971, this is the primary law that regulates political campaign spending and fundraising. The law originally focused or increased disclosure of contributions for federal campaigns.

Question 22

Federal election commission (FEC)

Answer 22

an independent regulatory agency founded in 1975 by the US Congress to regulate the campaign finance legislation in the US

Question 23

Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA)

Answer 23

passed in 2002, this act amended the federal election campaign act of 1971 with several provisions designed to end the use of nonfederal, or “soft money”

Question 24

Citizens United v. FEC

Answer 24

the 2010 US Supreme Court case that enabled corporations and unions have the same political speech rights as individuals under the 1st amendment. As part of this ruling, the Supreme Court found that the government may not prohibit corporations or unions from using their general treasury funds to support or denounce political candidates in elections

Question 25

Citizens United v. FEC

Answer 25

the 2010 US Supreme Court case that enabled corporations and unions have the same political speech rights as individuals under the 1st amendment. As part of this ruling, the Supreme Court found that the government may not prohibit corporations or unions from using their general treasury funds to support or denounce political candidates in elections

Question 26

McCutcheon v FEC

Answer 26

the 2014 Supreme Court ruling that declared Section 441 of the Federal Election Campaign Act (FECA) unconstitutional. Section 441 imposed limits on any individual’s total political contributions (to federal candidates, parties, or political action committees) in a two-year period

Question 27

Political action committee (PAC)

Answer 27

officially recognized fund-raising organizations that represent interest groups and are allowed by federal law to make contributions directly to candidates’ campaigns

Question 28

527 political committee

Answer 28

organizations created with the primary purpose of influencing electoral outcomes; the term is typically applied only to freestanding interest groups that do not explicitly advocate for the election of a candidate

Question 29

501(c) group

Answer 29

interest groups whose primary purpose is not electoral politics

Question 30

Super Pac

Answer 30

political action committees established to make independent expenditures

Question 31

Independent expenditures

Answer 31

spending for campaign activity that is not coordinated with a candidate’s campaign

Question 32

Public Funds

Answer 32

donations from general tax revenues to the campaigns of qualifying presidential candidates

Question 33

Matching Funds

Answer 33

donations to presidential campaigns whereby every dollar raised from individuals in amounts less than $251 is matched by the federal treasury

Question 34

Conventional political participation

Answer 34

activism that attempts to influence the political process through commonly accepted forms of persuasion such as voting or letter writing

Question 35

Unconventional political participation

Answer 35

activism that attempts to influence the political process through unusual or extreme measures, such as protests, boycotts, and picketing

Question 36

Turnout

Answer 36

the proportion of the voting-age public that casts a ballot

Question 37

Retrospective judgment

Answer 37

a voter’s evaluation of a candidate based on past performance on a particular issue

Question 38

Prospective judgment

Answer 38

a voter’s evaluation of a candidate based on what he or she pledges to do about an issue if elected

Question 39

Front-Loading

Answer 39

the tendency of states to choose an early date on the nomination calendar

Question 40

Help America Vote Act (HAVA)

Answer 40

a federal law passed in 2002 that addresses issues of voting systems and voter access that were identified following the 2000 election. It established minimum election administration standards for states and units of local government with responsibility for the administration of federal elections for other purposes related to the bill

Question 41

Communications directions

Answer 41

the person who develops the overall media strategy for the candidate

Question 42

Recall

Answer 42

an election in which voters can remove an incumbent from office prior to the next scheduled election

Question 43

Electoral college

Answer 43

representatives of each state who cast the final ballots that actually elect a president

Question 44

Elector

Answer 44

member of the Electoral College

Question 45

Reappointment

Answer 45

the reallocation of the number of seats in the House of Representatives after each decennial census

Question 46

Incumbency

Answer 46

already holding an office

Question 47

Presidential Coattails

Answer 47

when successful presidential candidates carry into office congressional candidates of the same party in the year of their election

Question 48

Barack Obama

Answer 48

the first African American president of the US, a Democrat, who served as forty-fifth president from 2009 to 2017. Senator from Illinois from 2005 to 2008; member of the Illinois Senate from 1997 to 2004.

Question 49

Midterm Election

Answer 49

an election that takes place in the middle of a presidential term

Question 50

Campaign Manager

Answer 50

the individual who travels with the candidate and coordinates the campaign

Question 51

Finance Chair

Answer 51

the individual who coordinates the financial business of the campaign

Question 52

Press Secretary

Answer 52

the individual charged with interacting and communicating with journalists on a daily basis

Question 53

Campaign Consultant

Answer 53

a private-sector professional who sells to a candidate the technologies, services, and strategies required to get that candidate elected