APGOV.Ch.12.David.Alvarez

Question 1

501 (c) group

Answer 1

Nonprofit, tax-exempt groups organized under section 501(c) of the Internal Revenue Code that can engage in varying amounts of political activity, depending on the type of group

Question 2

527 political committees

Answer 2

a type of U.S. tax-exempt organization organized under Section 527 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code

Question 3

Barack Obama

Answer 3

the 44th president of the United States from 2009 to 2017.

Question 4

Bernie Sanders

Answer 4

A self-described democratic socialist, Sanders is an independent senator from Vermont who has served in government since 1981.

Question 5

Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act

Answer 5

a United States federal law that amended the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1974, which regulates the financing of political campaigns.

Question 6

campaign consultant

Answer 6

Political consulting is a form of consulting that consists primarily of advising and assisting political campaigns.

Question 7

campaign manager

Answer 7

a paid or volunteer individual whose role is to coordinate a political campaign’s operations such as fundraising, advertising, polling, getting out the vote, and other activities supporting the effort, directly.

Question 8

Citizens United v. FEC

Answer 8

a landmark U.S. constitutional law, campaign finance, and corporate law case dealing with regulation of political campaign spending by organizations.

Question 9

closed primary

Answer 9

A type of direct primary limited to registered party members, who must declare their party affiliation in order to vote.

Question 10

communications director

Answer 10

supervise public relations staff, create communication strategies, and may serve as the key spokesperson and media contact for the organization.

Question 11

Contrast ad

Answer 11

Ad that compares the records and proposals of the candidates, with a bias toward the sponso

Question 12

conventional political participation

Answer 12

voting, volunteering for a political campaign, making a campaign donation, belonging to activist groups, and serving in public office.

Question 13

crossover voting

Answer 13

In primary elections in the United States, crossover voting refers to a behavior in which voters cast ballots for a party with which they are not traditionally affiliated.

Question 14

Donald J. Trump

Answer 14

45th and current president of the United States.

Question 15

elector

Answer 15

one who casts an electoral vote for a candidate

Question 16

electorate

Answer 16

all the people in a country or area who are entitled to vote in an election.

Question 17

Electorate college

Answer 17

a body of people representing the states of the US, who formally cast votes for the election of the president and vice president.

Question 18

Federal Election Campaign Act

Answer 18

the primary United States federal law regulating political campaign spending and fundraising.

Question 19

Federal Election Commission

Answer 19

an independent agency created in 1975 by the U.S. Congress to regulate election campaign finance in the United States

Question 20

finance chair

Answer 20

The campaign professional who directs fundraising, campaign spending, and compliance with campaign-finance laws and reporting requirements

Question 21

front-loading

Answer 21

a decision to move a primary date to the beginning (“front”) of the presidential nomination season

Question 22

general elections

Answer 22

a regular election of candidates for office, as opposed to a primary election.

Question 23

get-out-the-vote

Answer 23

engage in efforts intended to encourage people to vote in an election.

Question 24

Help America Vote Act

Answer 24

a federal program that reformed aspects of the United States election system

Question 25

Hillary R. Clinton

Answer 25

an American politician, diplomat, lawyer, writer, and public speaker.

Question 26

incumbency

Answer 26

existing holder of a political office

Question 27

independent expenditures

Answer 27

an expenditure for a communication that: Expressly advocates the election or defeat of a clearly identified federal candidate; and. Is not coordinated with a candidate, candidate's committee, party committee or their agents

Question 28

initiative

Answer 28

a process that enables citizens to bypass their state legislature by placing proposed statutes and, in some states, constitutional amendments on the ballot.

Question 29

inoculation ad

Answer 29

Advertising that attempts to counteract and anticipated attack from the opposition before the attack is launched.

Question 30

mandate

Answer 30

the authority granted by a constituency to act as its representative

Question 31

matching funds

Answer 31

funds that are set to be paid in equal amount to funds available from other sources

Question 32

McCutcheon v. FEC

Answer 32

a Supreme Court case in which a narrow 5-4 majority struck down the limit on the total amount that one wealthy donor is permitted to contribute to all federal candidates, parties, and political action committees (PACs) combined.

Question 33

mid-term election

Answer 33

a type of election where the people can elect their representatives and other subnational officeholders

Question 34

Negative ad

Answer 34

Attack ads focus exclusively on the negative aspects of the opponent.

Question 35

open primary

Answer 35

a primary election that does not require voters to be affiliated with a political party in order to vote for partisan candidates.

Question 36

political action committees

Answer 36

A popular term for a political committee organized for the purpose of raising and spending money to elect and defeat candidates.

Question 37

Pollster

Answer 37

one that conducts a poll or compiles data obtained by a poll.

Question 38

Positive ad

Answer 38

the use of an advertising campaign through the media to influence a political debate, and ultimately, voters

Question 39

presidential coattails

Answer 39

for a popular political party leader to attract votes for other candidates of the same party in an election

Question 40

press secretary

Answer 40

a senior advisor who provides advice on how to deal with the news media and, using news management techniques, helps his or her employer to maintain a positive public image and avoid negative media coverage.

Question 41

primary election

Answer 41

the process by which voters, either the general public (open primary) or members of a political party (closed primary), can indicate their preference for a candidate in an upcoming general election or by-election, thus narrowing the field of candidates.

Question 42

prospective judgement

Answer 42

a voter's evaluation of a candidate based on what he or she pledges to do about an issue if elected.

Question 43

public funds

Answer 43

refers to the funds of every political division of a state wherein taxes are levied for public purposes.

Question 44

reapportionment

Answer 44

The act of reapportioning or the state of being reapportioned

Question 45

recall

Answer 45

a procedure by which, in certain polities, voters can remove an elected official from office through a direct vote before that official's term has ended.

Question 46

referendum

Answer 46

a direct vote in which an entire electorate is invited to vote on a particular proposa

Question 47

retrospective judgment

Answer 47

a voter's evaluation of the performance of the party in power

Question 48

runoff primary

Answer 48

a second primary election held in some states to decide which of the two highest candidates for an office in the first primary will be awarded the party nomination.

Question 49

super PAC

Answer 49

a modern breed of a political-action committee that's allowed to raise and spend unlimited amounts of money from corporations, unions, individuals, and associations to influence the outcome of state and federal elections.

Question 50

turnout

Answer 50

the percentage of eligible voters who cast a ballot in an election.

Question 51

Thomas Jefferson

Answer 51

A political leader of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries; one of the Founding Fathers; the leader of the Democratic-Republican party.

Question 52

unconventional political participation

Answer 52

Relatively uncommon political behavior that challenges or defies established institutions and dominant norms

Question 53

voter canvass

Answer 53

the systematic initiation of direct contact with individuals, commonly used during political campaigns.