APGovCh.2.Gerardo.Michel

Question 1

Alexander Hamilton

Answer 1

One of the founding fathers of the United States of America and interpreters of the Constitution; sought to establish a national bank.

Question 2

Anti-Federalists

Answer 2

Received their name from Federalists; opposed a strong national government and insisted on a bill of rights

Question 3

Article I

Answer 3

Gives Congress its power and limits; legislative branch

Question 4

Article II

Answer 4

The Executive branch that has the responsibility and administration on a daily basis; President

Question 5

Article III

Answer 5

The Judicial branch is the court system that interprets the law; Supreme Court

Question 6

Article IV

Answer 6

Gives responsibilities and duties the states have along with what responsibilities the federal government has to each state.

Question 7

Article V

Answer 7

Explains how to add amendments

Question 8

Article VI

Answer 8

The Supremacy Clause; states that laws by Congress are the ‘supreme law of the land’ and superior to state laws

Question 9

Article VII

Answer 9

Final article of the Constitution; explains how many states are needed to ratify the Constitution

Question 10

Articles of Confederation

Answer 10

Served as the first constitution of the United States; document established the government of the union in thirteen states; ratified in 1781 and replaced by US Consitution

Question 11

Benjamin Franklin

Answer 11

Signed the Declaration of Independence, traveled to French for support during the American Revolution, and helped write the Constitution

Question 12

Bill of Rights

Answer 12

Added because people were afraid of individual rights being stripped away; includes 10 amendments

Question 13

Checks and balances

Answer 13

Ensuring that political power is not concentrated in the hands of individuals or groups; distributing a balance of power

Question 14

‘Common Sense’

Answer 14

Pamphlet written by Thomas Paine in 1775-76 that advocated for independence from Great Britain and that it was “common sense”

Question 15

Constitution

Answer 15

A document establishing the structure, functions, and limitations of a government

Question 16

Constitutional Convention

Answer 16

A convention that took place in a summer in Philadelphia, 1787, that sought to amend the Articles of Confederation when it became clear the Articles were not good enough to coordinate the country.

Question 17

Crispus Attucks

Answer 17

In 1770, an African-American who became the first American casualty of the American Revolution when he was shot and killed in the Boston Massacre.

Question 18

Critical Period

Answer 18

The chaotic period from 1781 to 1789 after the American Revolution during which the former colonies were governed under the Articles of Confederation.

Question 19

Declaration of Independence

Answer 19

Statement adopted by he Second Continental Congress meeting at the Pennsylvania State House in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on July 4, 1776.

Question 20

Electoral College

Answer 20

A body of electors established by the United States Constitution, constituted every four years for the sole purpose of electing the President and Vice President of the US.

Question 21

Enumerated Powers

Answer 21

The powers of the federal government that are specifically described in the Constitution in Article I, Section 8.

Question 22

Federalism

Answer 22

A mixed or compound mode of government, combining a general government with regional governments in a single political system; practices balance of powers

Question 23

Federalists

Answer 23

The first American political party; sought a stronger national government and supported the proposed US Constitution.

Question 24

The Federalist Papers

Answer 24

A series of eighty-five political essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay in support of ratification of the U.S. Constitution.

Question 25

First Continental Congress

Answer 25

Meeting held in Philadelphia from September 5 to October 26, 1774, in which fifty-six delegates (from every colony except Georgia) adopted a resolution in opposition to the Coercive Acts.

Question 26

French and Indian War

Answer 26

The American phase of what was called the Seven Years War, fought from 1754 to 1763 between Britain and France with Indian allies.

Question 27

Full Faith and Credit Clause

Answer 27

Section of Article IV of the Constitution that ensures judicial degrees and contracts made in one state will be binding and enforceable in any other state

Question 28

George Washington

Answer 28

Widely considered the "Father of the Nation," he was the commander of the revolutionary armies; served as the presiding officer of the Constitutional Convention; and as the President of the United States from 1789-1797.

Question 29

Great Compromise

Answer 29

The final decision of the Constitutional Convention to create a two-house legislature, with the lower house elected by the people and powers divided between the two houses; also made the national law supreme.

Question 30

Implied Powers

Answer 30

The powers of the national government derived from the enumerated powers and the necessary and proper clause

Question 31

Inherent Powers

Answer 31

Powers that belong to the President because they can be inferred from the Constitution.

Question 32

James Madison

Answer 32

A key Framer often called the "Father of the Constitution" for his role in conceptualizing the federal government. Co-authored The Federalist Papers; served as the fourth U.s. President

Question 33

John Jay

Answer 33

A member of the Founding generation who was the *first Chief Justice of the United States*.

Question 34

Lexington and Concord

Answer 34

The first sites of armed conflict between revolutionaries and British soldiers, remembered for the "shot and heard round the world" in 1775.

Question 35

Mercantilism

Answer 35

An economic theory designed to increase a nation's wealth through the development of commercial industry and a favorable balance of trade

Question 36

Montesquieu

Answer 36

The French baron and political theorist who first articulated the concept of separation of powers with checks and balances

Question 37

Necessary and Proper Clause

Answer 37

The final paragraph of Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution, *which gives Congress the authority to pass all laws "necessary and proper" to carry out the enumerated powers specified in the Constitution*

Question 38

New Jersey Plan

Answer 38

A framework for the Constitution proposed by a group of small states; it called for a one-house legislature with one vote for each state, a Congress with the ability to raise revenue, and a Supreme Court appointed for life

Question 39

New World

Answer 39

The Western Hemisphere of Earth, also called The Americas, which was unknown to Europeans before 1492.

Question 40

Political Culture

Answer 40

Commonly shared attitudes, behaviors, and core values about how government should operate

Question 41

Samuel Adams

Answer 41

Cousin of President John Adams; played a *key role in developing the Committees of Correspondence and was active in Massachusetts and colonial politics

Question 42

Second Continental Congress

Answer 42

Meeting that convened in Philadelphia on May 10, 1775, at which it was decided than army should be raised and George Washington was named Commander in Chief

Question 43

Separation of Powers

Answer 43

A way of dividing the power of government among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches, each staffed separately, with equality and independence of each branch ensured by the Constitution

Question 44

Shay's Rebellion

Answer 44

A rebellion in which an army of 1,500 disgruntled and angry farmers led by Daniel Shays marched to Massachusetts and *forcibly restrained the state court from foreclosing mortgages on their farms*; revealed the inefficiency of the Articles of Confederation

Question 45

Social Contract Theory

Answer 45

The belief that governments exist based on the consent of the governed

Question 46

Sons and Daughters of Liberty

Answer 46

Loosely organized groups of patriotic American colonists who were early revolutionaries

Question 47

Stamp Act Congress

Answer 47

A gathering of nine colonial representatives in 1765 in New York City where a detailed list of Crown violations was drafted; first official meeting of the colonies and the first official step toward creating a unified nation*

Question 48

Supremacy Clause

Answer 48

Portion of Article VI of the Constitution mandating that *national law is supreme over all other laws passed by the states or by any other subdivision of government*

Question 49

Thomas Jefferson

Answer 49

Principle drafter of the Declaration of Independence; second vice president of the United States; third President; co-founder of the Democratic-Republican Party created to oppose Federalists

Question 50

Thomas Paine

Answer 50

The influential writer of Common Sense, a pamphlet that advocated for independence from Great Britain

Question 51

Three-Fifths Compromise

Answer 51

Agreement reached at the Constitutional Convention stipulating that *three-fifths of the total slave population of each state was to be fore purposes of determining population for representation in the U.S. House of Representatives*

Question 52

Virginia Plan

Answer 52

A proposed framework for the Constitution favoring large states; it called for *a bicameral legislature*, which would appoint executive and judicial officers