Aphasia Flashcards
Aphasia and localization of function
with basic knowledge of the brain: cellular and anatomical levels, electrochemical processes, awareness of subcortical areas
- one can embark on studying language and the brain via aphasiology
Aphasia
loss of language due to brain disorders
Classifications of aphasia (2) based on what?
fluent, nonfluent. Based on expressive language
Expressive language - signs of aphasia
rate, effort (does it look like they’re struggling?), length (of utterances), form (is there grammatical inflexions)
Paul Broca findings
Encountered patient with intact comprehension, but little or not speech output. All patients had lesions: at posterior of the third convolution in the LH. Broca found language was localized in the left hemisphere
Damage to Broca’s area
Broca’s aphasia. Marked by impaired, halting, agrammatic output. Non-fluent, expressive aphasia
Agramatic
omission of articles, auxiliary verbs, word endings
Carl Wernicke
Left posterior section of the superior temporal gyrus; auditory cortex below the Sylvian fissure
Wernicke Aphasia
“fluent” aphasia. Fluent, yet often meaningless output (programmatic speech); impaired comprehension: receptive aphasia. Wernicke’s is to content/semantics as Brocas is to form. Self-awareness varies. Happy or loopy without self-awareness.. Suicidla if aware. Receptive aphasia, production deficit
Third aphasia, condition aphasia
intact comprehension and fluency; disproportionate difficulty with repetition, request anomia. Conduction aphasia presumed to be due to samage to arcuate fascicles (tract connecting areas) - 2 possible lesion sites (arcuate fascicles, areas of auditory cortex and underlying white matter
Written language in aphasia
often mirrors oral language. Broca’s: reading for comprehension spared; difficulty writing.
Wernicke’s: may be able to read about and write, but comprehension/content in writing impaired, but deficits more variable than in oral language
Global Aphasia
global impact bc you have widespread damage in the local hemisphere
House - Aphasias #1-7
1) Broca’s Aphasia
2) Wernicke’s Aphasia
3) Conduction aphasia
5) Subcortical motor aphasia
7) Subcortical sensory aphasia
4) Transcortical motor aphasia
6) Transcortical sensory aphasia
4) and 6) are still theoretical in nature, associated with diverse damage to different parts of the brain at the same time
8) Global aphasia
ais anomia an aphasia
an impairment of the process of retrieving words form one’s lexicon. Also referred to as lexical retrieval deficit. Anaphase subtype or a symptom of many aphasia? Present in many aphasias; hence related to damage in many brain areas. Something about our lexicaon is not super localized/
3 hypothesized mechanisms for anomia1
1) damage neuronal representations
2) delay or failure of intact representations to reach threshold
3) failure to inhibit related entries
