Aphasia

Question 1

What is Aphasia?

Answer 1

Language disorder as a resulting from brain damage that manifests with impaired comprehension and or expression.

Question 2

What is the most common cause of Aphasia?

Answer 2

CVA (stroke)

Question 3

What motor impairments often accompany Aphasia?

Answer 3

Hemiplegia or Hemiparesis (right side of body weakened or paralyzed)
Hemianopsia (right visual field deficit)

Question 4

What are some speech characteristics present with Aphasia?

Answer 4

Anomia 
Perseveration 
Phonemic Paraphasia
Semantic Paraphasia
Neologism 
Agrammatism 
Subpropositional Speech

Question 5

Word retrieval problem; person can’t find right word

Answer 5

Anomia

Question 6

Inappropriate continuation of same response

Answer 6

Perseveration

Question 7

Transposition of Sounds in a word

Answer 7

Phonemic Paraphasia

Question 8

Substitution of one word for another (often categorically similar)

Answer 8

Semantic Paraphasia

Question 9

Word invented by aphasic person

Answer 9

Neologism

Question 10

Aphasic person’s omission of function words; a syntactic deficit

Answer 10

Agrammatism

Question 11

Aphasic person has fluent grammar but may be echolalic (only repeats what is said)

Answer 11

Subpropositional Speech

Question 12

What are the 2 classifications of Aphasias?

Answer 12

Nonfluent Aphasia

Fluent Aphasia

Question 13

What are the 3 nonfluent Aphasias?

Answer 13

Broca’s
Transcortical Motor
Global

Question 14

What are the 3 fluent Aphasias?

Answer 14

Wernicke’s
Conduction
Anomic

Question 15

What are some characteristics of Nonfluent Aphasia?

Answer 15

Comprehension varies; is sometimes spared
Reduced Vocabulary 
Agrammatic (telegraphic) 
Impaired Articulation 
Person is Usually Aware of their Errors

Question 16

What are some characteristics of Fluent Aphasia?

Answer 16

Wernicke’s Impaired Comprehension
Normal or Fast rate of Speech
Evidence of Neologisms, Paraphasias, Anomia and Perseveration
Unaware of Their own Errors

Question 17

Which type of Aphasic patient is unaware of his or her own errors?

Answer 17

Fluent Aphasia

Question 18

Things to consider when developing goals for person with Aphasia (4)

Answer 18

Assessment of Modalities Affected
Client’s Communication Needs
Client’s Priorities
Most Efficient/Effective Means of Communication

Question 19

What are the possible modalities that might be affected by aphasia?

Answer 19

Receptive Language

Expressive Language

Question 20

Overall Goal of Aphasia Therapy:
“To improve a client’s _____________________ skills to the highest degree possible within the ____________________ of the _____________ damage.

Answer 20

communication; constraints; neurological

Question 21

What are the 2 Main Theoretical Orientations to Aphasia Treatment?

Answer 21

Restorative/Linguistic

Substitutive/Compensatory

Question 22

Orientation to therapy that strengthens skills through direct instruction

Answer 22

Restorative (Linguistic)

Question 23

Orientation to therapy that uses intensive and repeated therapy activities to improve linguistic skills that have been affected

Answer 23

Restorative (Linguistic)

Question 24

Orientation to therapy that is also referred to as neurophychological or neurolinguistic

Answer 24

Restorative (Linguistic)

Question 25

Orientation to therapy that establishes functional communication in an individual with aphasia

Answer 25

Substitutive/Compensatory

Question 26

Orientation to therapy that uses procedures to encourage whatever modalities are available for the individual to convey messages

Answer 26

Substitutive/Compensatory

Question 27

Orientation that focuses on functional communication for basic needs, social communication, reading/writing/math, and daily planning

Answer 27

Substitutive/Compensatory

Question 28

What are some Specific Aphasia Intervention Approaches?

Answer 28

``` Constraint-Induced Language Therapy Stimulation-facilitation Melodic Intonation Therapy Gestural Program: Amer-Ind Gestural Program: Visual Action Therapy Promoting Aphasic’ Communicative Effectiveness Life Participation Approach to Aphasia ```

Question 29

Intensive therapy that uses shaping by successive approximation. Client's use of nonverbal communication is restricted.

Answer 29

Constraint-Induced Language Therapy

Question 30

Is Constraint-Induced Language Therapy Restorative or Compensatory?

Answer 30

Restorative

Question 31

Therapy technique that uses "intoning" to facilitate verbal expression. Varied, melodic pitches and rhythms are used to recruit participation of the right hemisphere to improve verbal production.

Answer 31

Melodic Intonation Therapy

Question 32

Is Melodic Intonation Therapy Restorative or Compensatory?

Answer 32

Restorative

Question 33

Melodic Intonation Therapy would be used with patients who have damage on which side of the brain?

Answer 33

Left Hemisphere (location of language centers)

Question 34

This program is a technique based on American Indian Hand Talk. It is used for individuals with severely restricted verbal repertoires

Answer 34

Gestural Program: Amer-Ind

Question 35

Is the Gestural Program of Amer-Ind restorative or Compensatory?

Answer 35

Compensatory (substitutive)

Question 36

This gestural program uses objects and pictures to teach a client to communicate simple messages. It is a non-vocal strategy used for individuals with global aphasia and severe impairments.

Answer 36

Visual Action Therapy

Question 37

Is Visual Action Therapy a Restorative or Compensatory therapy?

Answer 37

Compensatory (substitutive)

Question 38

Therapeutic technique conducted in the context of a naturalistic environment. Teaches client to convey intended messages using whatever means available.

Answer 38

PACE (Promoting Aphasics' Communicative Effectiveness

Question 39

What is PACE?

Answer 39

Promoting Aphasics' Communicative Effectiveness

Question 40

Is PACE a Restorative or Compensatory Therapy?

Answer 40

Compensatory (substitutive)

Question 41

This therapy technique is designed to maximize a client's re-engagement in life and base all therapy on the life concerns specific to that client and his family. It focuses on improving client's ability to function in life AND modify environment to promote participation.

Answer 41

Life Participation Approach to Aphasia

Question 42

Is Life Participation Approach to Aphasia a restorative or compensatory treatment plan?

Answer 42

Compensatory

Question 43

What are the three elements to writing a behavioral objective for patients with aphasia?

Answer 43

Do: "client will name pictures" etc. Condition: after a paragraph, egocentric, abstract, Criteria: +/-, tally of behavior, scale of performance

Question 44

How can we target generalization with aphasic clients?

Answer 44

Group therapy

Question 45

What are a few things that make aphasia therapy more likely to be effective?

Answer 45

``` single stroke frequent therapy younger client a prior spontaneous recovery a less severe lesion ```

Question 46

Clinicians should consistently use what type of speech with aphasic clients?

Answer 46

Slower rate

Question 47

Clients with auditory comprehension deficits benefit from substantial what?

Answer 47

repetition and redundancy of verbal input.