APHERESIS PROCEDURE

Question 1

• “To SEPARATE or REMOVE or to TAKE from”
• SELECTIVE separation of a particular component via a separation machine

Answer 1

Apheresis Procedure

Question 2

Anticoagulant in Apheresis Procedure

Answer 2

Acid Citrate Dextrose (21 days shelf life)

Question 3

• Type of blood donation where whole blood is WITHDRAWN either from a donor or patient wherein after removal, separation, and retention of the desired cellular elements or plasma.
• The remaining products are RECOMBINED and RETURNED to the donor patient

Answer 3

Hemapheresis

Question 4

Additional Donor Guidelines
1. At least ____ is the elapsed time after apheresis donation.
2. A donor must not exceed more than ___ in a week or ___ in a year unless otherwise allowed by blood bank physician.
3. A donor must be tested to detect ___.
4. If a donor donates whole blood, at least ____ must be elapsed before he can donate for pheresis.
5. Extracorporeal blood must not exceed ___ of the donor’s total blood volume.
6. If platelet pheresis is to be performed a donor must have above ____
7. Possible adverse reactions to ___, ___ and/or ___ must be determined. These substances are use in the apheresis procedures

Answer 4

48 hours
2 times; 24 times
cytopenia
8 weeks
15%
150 x 109/L.
Hydroxyethyl starch (HES), steroids and/or heparin

Question 5

Therapeutic Cytapheresis (PLLNEP)

Answer 5

1. Plateletpheresis
2. Leukapheresis
3. Lymphocytapheresis
4. Neocytapheresis
5. Erythrocytapheresis
6. Plasmapheresis

Question 6

• Equivalent to 6-10 random platelet concentrates
• Contents: 3 x 1011 platelets
• Therapeutic Indications:
  Used to treat patients who have ABNORMALLY ELEVATED PLT count ( >1,000,000/uL) such as in the case of Polycythemia vera (increased RBC)

Answer 6

Plateletpheresis

Question 7

• Remove WBC
• HES (Hydroxyethyl starch) – sedimenting agent used for granulocyte collection which causes red cells to form rouleaux thus allowing WBCs to be harvested more efficiently.
• CORTICOSTEROID – WBCs are mostly in the tissues (50% Marginal pool), also present in blood vessels
  (50% circulating pool)
• Therapeutic Indications of Leukapheresis:
  Used to treat patients with leukemia (WBC >100,000/uL) such as: Hairy cell leukemia, Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Cutaneous T cell Lymphoma

Answer 7

Leukapheresis

Question 8

• Removal of LYMPHOCYTES
• Therapeutic Indications:
  Means of immunosuppression in conditions like: Rheumatoid Arthritis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Kidney Transplant Rejection, Autoimmune Disease, Alloimmune Disease

Answer 8

Lymphocytapheresis

Question 9

• Transfusion of young RBCs “NEOCYTES”
• Therapeutic Indications:
  For young patients with certain hematologic disorders especially Thalassemia syndromes -abnormal hemoglobin synthesis

Answer 9

Neocytapheresis

Question 10

• Considered as an EXCHAGE procedure a predetermined quantity of red cells is removed from the patient and replaced with HOMOLOGOUS blood
• Therapeutic Indications:
  Used to treat various complications of SICKLE CELL Disease, such as PRIAPISM (ulceration in sickle cell) and impending STROKE, Also in patients with severe PARASITIC infections from MALARIA and BABESIA

Answer 10

Erythrocytapheresis

Question 11

Replacement Fluids Used:
- Normal Saline Solution (NSS, Normal Serum Albumin (NSA), Plasma Protein Fraction (PPF), Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP)
- To remove the offending agent in the plasma causing clinical symptoms in cases of Paraproteinemia (e.g., Multiple Myeloma, Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia, etc.), Familial
Hypercholesterolemia
- To collect rare red and white cell antibodies
- Beneficial particularly in diseases that involve
malfunction of the immune system (SLE, RA)

Answer 11

Plasmapheresis