Apicomplexa Flashcards
(85 cards)
What are the Apicomplexas we are concerned about?
Eimeria Cystoisospora Cryptosporidium Toxoplasm Neospora Sarcocystis
Most of the effective drugs to the Apicomplexa work against what?
Apicoplast
What are the three basic life cycles of Apicomplexa?
Sporogony (Becomes infectious)
Gametogony (Sexual reproduction)
Merogony (Asexual phase happens in vector)
Which Apicomplexa has the simplest life cycle?
Eimeria
Eimeria are ________ parasites that are usually in the _________ cells
obligate intracellular
gut epithelial
How is Eimeria transmitted? What is the infective stage? Where does it develop? What is passed in the feces?
Fecal-oral
Sporulated oocyst
Sporulates in the environment
Non-infective, non-sporulated oocyst
Describe the life cycle of Eimeria starting with a non-sporulated oocyst
It contains a single sporont
Undergo sporogony to become infective.
Sporont undergoes two divisions to form 4 sporoblasts
Sporoblast develops into a sporocyst with 2 sporozoites
How many sporozoites does a sporulated oocyst have?
8
Where does sporogony occur for Eimeria?
In the environment
What temperature causes oocysts to sporulate faster?
Warmer temperature
What is the asexual proliferation phase called?
Merogany
In merogany, what do the sporozoites become?
Merozoites
Final asexual generation of merozoites proceed to what?
Gametogony
_____ is the sexual reproduction phase. What do the females become? Males?
Gametogony
Microgametes
Macrogametes
T/F There is no zoonosis in Eimeria species
TRUE; there is no crossover
T/F Immunity to Eimeria is species specific; there is absolutely no cross over
TRUE; once again. No crossover
What does clinical disease associated with Eimeria come from?
The amount of oocysts that are ingested
species
Host factors
What is the lag time for oocyst detection and clinical signs from Eimeria?
Clinical signs can usually be seen 1-2 days before the oocysts can be detected in feces
What are the three types of coccidiosis?
Winter, enteric, and nervous
_______ coccidiosis has clinical signs that are seen in Janurary to MArch
Winter
Where do cocidiosis lesions occur?
Distal ileum lesions are associated with the asexual phase
Cecum/colon is associated with the sexual stage
What steps could you take to control/prevent bovine coccidiosis?
Remove and treat clinical cases
Minimize crowding/improve sanitation
Keep feces out of water/feed
Kill oocytes with sunlight and dessication
What is the most pathogenic Eimeria in small ruminants
Eimeria ovinoidalis
What is the Eimeria that infects the ceca of chickens? The small intestine?
Eimeria tenella
Eimeria necatrix