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APL Rhetorical Terms Flashcards

To master the rhetorical terms in AP (88 cards)

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1
Q

Abstract

A

Refers to language that describes an idea rather than concrete images. To observe or “Physically describe” is usually a concrete image.

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2
Q

Allegory

A

Extended narrative in prose or in verse in which characters, events, and settings represent abstract qualities: has a second meaning

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3
Q

Ancedote

A

A short, single narrative of an incident. Can be added for humorous effect or to make a point

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4
Q

Annotation

A

Explanatory notes added to a text to explain, cite sources, or give bibliographic data

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5
Q

Antithesis

A

The presentation of two contrasting images. “To be or not to be,” , “Ask not what your country can do for you, but what you can do for your country”

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6
Q

Aphorism

A

a short, often witty statement about a truth of life

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7
Q

Apostrophe

A

Usually in Poetic writing, but also can be used in prose, the device of calling out to the abstract.

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8
Q

Argumentation

A

Writing that attempts to prove the validation of a point or theory by presenting a reasoned argument.

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9
Q

Cacophony-Dissonance

A

Harsh, awkward, or dissonant sounds used in deliberate in poetry or prose, opposite of Euphony

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10
Q

Caricature

A

Descriptive writing that greatly describes exaggeratedly a specific feature of a person in appearance or in personality

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11
Q

Colliqualim

A

Anything that can be used in informal writing but cannot be used in formal writing.

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12
Q

Coherence, Unity

A

Quality of a piece of writing in which all the parts are used to develop central ideas, themes of the organization princible

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13
Q

Concrete language

A

Describes specific, “physical” or “observable” things rather than abstract Idea’s

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14
Q

Consanance

A

Repetition of a constant sound

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15
Q

Condrum

A

A riddle where the answer is a pun, it may also be a paradox or an answer to a difficult problem

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16
Q

Deduction

A

The process of moving from a general rule to a specific answer

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17
Q

Denotation

A

Literal meaning of a word or phrase

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18
Q

Description

A

Picturing something through the five senses. One of the 4 modes of discourse

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19
Q

Diction

A

Word Choice, an element of style. Creates the tone, attitude, etc..

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20
Q

Didactic

A

Writing whose purpose if to instruct or to teach. Is usually formal, and ethical

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21
Q

Discourse

A

Spoken or witting of language. The four modes are: Description,Exposition, Narration, and Persuasion

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22
Q

Emotional Appeal

A

Pathos, appealing to the readers/viewers emotion

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23
Q

Epigraph

A

The use of a quotation at the beginning of a work or chapter to foreshadow events.

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24
Q

Ethical Appeal

A

Ethos; Usually appeals to the ethical side of persuasion, however, also the Persona tries to display themselves as proffesionals

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25
Euphemism
A more pleasant or acceptable way to say something inappropriate or uncomfortable. Usually makes light of the situation
26
Euphony
A succession of harmonious sounds that is used in poetry
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Example
An individual findings or experience
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Explication
The are of interpreting or discovering the meaning of text. Involves close reading and special attention to Fig. Lang.
29
Exposition
The immediate revelation to the audience of the setting and other background information needed to understand the plot. One of the four modes of discourse
30
Generalization
Basing a claim upon an isolated example or claims is certain rather than probable. Sweeping Generalizations occur when a writer notes that a claim applies to all instances
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Genre
A type of literary work or a category
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Humor
Anything that causes laughter or amusement; use to mean "temperament"
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Hyperbole
A deliberate exaggeration to create humor or emphasis
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Image
Words or a word used to describe a sensory experience or an object perceivable by the senses. An image is always a concrete rep.
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Imagery
Words or phrases that use a collection of images to make a mental sensory picture
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Induction
Process that moves from a given series of examples to a gerneralization
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Inference
Conclusion that can be drawn from the present information
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Invective
A verbally abusive attack
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Inversion
reversing the customary (subject, verb, compliment) order of elements of a sentence or a phrase. Is often used to pose a question. Usually, the element that appears first is the verb or compliment.
40
Jargon
The special language of professionals in a certain career area
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Logical appeal-Logos
An attempt to persuade a reader or listener through Logic, reasoning, Cause-effect
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Lyrical
Song like- Characterized by subject, object, or image
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Mode
The Method of a literary work
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Mood
Similar to tone, this sets the emotional state of a paper, and syntax is very important
45
Narration
The telling of a story, one of the four modes of discourse
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Onjectivity
An authors attempt to remove him/herself from a piece of writing and only tell the raw facts and data
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Paradox
A statement that contradicts itself, but turns out to have a rational meaning
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Parallelism
The technique of arranging words, phrases, clauses, or large structures side by side so that they are similar or mimic one another
49
Parody
A work that ridicules another work by exaggerating its elements and either being lightly humorous or completely destroying the original meaning
50
Pathetic Appeal- Pathos
Appealing to the emotions; often looks for sympathy or forgiveness
51
Pedantic
A term used to describes writing on lecturing
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Persuasion
A from of Argumentation. One of the four modes of discourse. It tries to convince the reader of a point or an idealoligy
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Regionalism
Elements in literature that conveys a realistic portrayal of specific geographical line
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Repetition
Word or phrase used in close proximation two or more times
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Rhetorical Modes
Exposition, description, narration, argumentation
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Rhetorical Question
A question that doesn't expect any explicit action; it simply is used to introduce a idea or something that the audience should think about
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Sarcasm
Harsh, caustic personal remarks to or about someone, less subtle than irony
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Speaker
The voice of the work
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Stereotype
A trait that is usually attributed to a specific group of individuals
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style
The authors characteristic of expression
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subjectivity
a personal presentation of events and character, is influenced by the authors thoughts, emotions, feeling, morals, ect.
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Syllogism
a form of reasoning in which two statements are made and a conclusion is drawn. Has a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion.
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Snecdone
Figure of speech in which part of something is used to represent a whole
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Syntactic fluency
Ability to create a variety of sentence structures
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Syntatic permuration
Sentence structures that are extraordinarily involved.
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Syntax
The grammar; the arrangement of words in a sentence. Syntax increases length of structure, and varies sentences accordingly.
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Theme
The Central Idea
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Thesis
The main idea; often an assertion of the claim
69
tone
the attitude of the author
70
transition
a word or phrase that moves from one idea to the next
71
Understatement
The opposite of exaggeration
72
Fallacy
defects that weaken arguments. has many forms, including the: Hasty generalization: Making assumptions on a whole group based on individuals Missing the point- supporting a particular conclusion, but only hearing what you want to here and saying what you think is right
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