Apoptosis Flashcards Preview

Molecular and Cellular Biology Lab > Apoptosis > Flashcards

Flashcards in Apoptosis Deck (16)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

Cell Cycle Phases
Interphase
G1

A

First gap phase
Cells grow in size, synthesize RNA and proteins, enter the cell cycle by reaching a point in G1 known as START, after that the cells are committed to cell division

2
Q

Cell Cycle Phases
Interphase
S Phase

A

Active Replication of DNA

3
Q

Cell Cycle Phases
Interphase
G2 Phase

A

Rapid cell growth, protein synthesis, getting ready for cell division. (Not necessary for entering M phase)

4
Q

Cell Cycle Phases

M Phase

A

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis

5
Q

Prophase

A
  • Nuclear envelope retracts into ER
  • Golgi membranes break down into vesicles
  • Kinetochore assembles at each centromere
  • Mitotic spindle attaches to each chromosome’s kinetochore
  • Chromosomes condense
6
Q

Metaphase

A
  • Chromosomes align on the equator

- Chromosomes most condensed

7
Q

Anaphase

A

-Sister chromatids separate

8
Q

Telophase

A
  • Mitotic spindle disassembles
  • Chromosomes decondense
  • Nuclear Envelope Re-forms
9
Q

Cytokinesis

A

Physical division of cytoplasm

10
Q

Checkpoints of cell cycle

A
  • G1/S phase boundary
  • S phase
  • G2/M phase boundary
11
Q

Apoptosis

A

Programmed cell death.
An organized process that signals cells to self destruct for cell renewal or to control aberrant cell growth. Controls the orderly death of damaged cells

12
Q

Causes of apoptosis

A

Inducers:

  • Growth factor withdrawal
  • Ionizing radiation
  • CA2+ influx
  • Tumor necrosis factor
  • Viral infection
  • Glucocorticoids
13
Q

Apoptosis Regulation

A

Intrinsic pathway: activated by developmental cues, severe cell stress (DNA damage)

Extrinsic pathway: activated by pro-apoptotic ligand binding to key functional pro-apoptotic receptor

14
Q

Propidium Iodide use to study apoptosis

A

Red fluorescent dye

  • Nucleic acid binding dye
  • Impermeant to live
  • Shows dead cells in red
15
Q

Annexin V use to study apoptosis

A
  • human anticoagulant
  • high affinity for PS
  • can be labeled with fluorophore or biotin
  • Can be detected in apoptotic cells by binding to PS exposed on the outer leaflet
16
Q

Explain which cells are dead or alive on a picture

A
  • Apoptotic cells: Green fluorescence (Annexin V + AlexaFluor)
  • Dead cells: Red and Green (propidium iodide)
  • Live cells: little or no fluorescence