Apoptosis & Necrosis

Question 1

What are the two forms of cell dear?

Answer 1

Apoptosis and necrosis

Question 2

What are the physiological reasons for apoptosis?

Answer 2

1. During embryonic development

2. During immune system development if the immune system is starting to recognize the self cells and kill them.

Question 3

What are the pathological reasons for apoptosis?

Answer 3

1. Triggered by immune system cells- in response to cell infection
2. Self induced due to defective function, developing cytotoxicity

Question 4

What is Necrosis?

Answer 4

A series of morphological changes during cell death after lethal damage
(It’s a staged cell death due to unintended damage like trauma or severe stress)

Question 5

Can necrosis be physiological?

Answer 5

No. it’s always pathological

Question 6

What does necrosis involve?

Answer 6

1. Disruption of the metabolic process
2. Cellular component denaturation
3. Loss of membrane integrity and release of cellular components to surroundings

Question 7

What causes apoptosis during embryonic development?

Answer 7

Phylogenetic organism development programs use programmed cell death as a means of removing unwanted cells: tissue between fingers and toes

Question 8

How does immune system development can cause apoptosis?

Answer 8

T-Lymphocytes (T-cells) are tested against “self antigens” and if they recognize and bind self antigens, they undergo apoptosis to remove their own lineage

If they did not “self-destruct” they would kill normal cells upon activation leading to autoimmunity disorders.