Appeal Flashcards
(22 cards)
Alignment
The placement of elements such that edges line up along common rows or columns, or their bodies along a common center.
Aesthetic-Usability Effect
Aesthetic designs are perceived as easier to use than less-aesthetic designs.
Anthropomorphic Form
A tendency to find forms that appear humanoid or exhibit humanlike characteristics appealing.
• Designers should favor more abstract versus realistic anthropomorphic forms, as realistic depictions often decrease appeal. • Feminine form = sexuality and vitality. Round forms = babylike associations. Angular forms = masculinity, aggression.
Attractiveness Bias
A tendency to see attractive people as more intelligent, competent, moral, and sociable than unattractive people.
Baby-Face Bias
A tendency to see people and things with baby-faced features as more naïve, helpless, and honest than those with mature features.
Exposure Effect
Repeated exposure to stimuli for which people have neutral feelings will increase the likability of the stimuli.
Face-ism Ratio
The ratio of face to body in an image that influences the way the person in the image is perceived.
• high face-ism ratio: The face takes up
a large portion of the image = emphasis is on a person’s intellectual and personality attributes.
• low face-ism ratio: The body takes up a large portion of the image = emphasis is on the physical, sensual.
Fibonacci Sequence
A sequence of numbers in which each number is the sum of the preceding two.
Five Hat Racks
There are five ways to organize information: category, time, location, alphabet, and continuum.
Framing
A technique that influences decision making and judgment by manipulating the way information is presented.
Golden Ratio
A ratio within the elements of a form, such as height to width, approximating 0.618.
Mimicry
The act of copying properties of familiar objects, organisms, or environments in order to improve the usability, likability, or functionality of an object.
• surface mimicry: Making a design look like something else. • behavioral: Making a design act like something else.
• functional: Making a design work like something else.
Most Average Facial Appearance Effect
A tendency to prefer faces in which the eyes, nose, lips, and other features are close to the average of a population.
• likely due :
• evolution: Natural selection tends to select out extremes.
• cognitive prototypes: Mental representations that are formed through experience.
• symmetry: Average faces are more symmetrical, indicating
health and fitness.
Red Effect
A tendency to perceive women wearing red as more attractive and men wearing red as more dominant.
Rule of Thirds
A technique of composition in which a medium is divided into thirds, creating aesthetic positions for the primary elements of a design.
Scarcity
Items and opportunities become more desirable when they are perceived to be in short supply or occur infrequently.
Five tactics of scarcity:
• exclusive information: Supply is about to be depleted and only a few people have this knowledge
• limited access: Access to supply is limited.
• limited time: Supply is available for a limited time. • limited number: Supply is limited by number.
• suddenness: Supply is suddenly depleted.
Self-Similarity
A property in which a form is made up of parts similar to the whole or to one another.
Symmetry
A property of visual equivalence among elements in a form.
• three types: Reflection, rotation, and translation.
There are three basic types of symmetry:
• reflection: Refers to the mirroring of an equivalent element around a central axis or mirror line (mirror image).
• rotation: Refers to the rotation of equivalent elements around a common center (orientation changes).
• translation: Refers to the location of equivalent elements in different areas of space (orientation is maintained).
• Symmetric forms tend to be seen as figures which means they receive more attention and are easier to recall.
Uncanny Valley
Anthropomorphic forms are appealing when they are dissimilar or identical to humans, but unappealing when they are very similar to humans.
Veblen Effect
A tendency to find a product desirable because it has a high price.
Wabi-Sabi
Objects and environments that embody naturalness, simplicity, and subtle imperfec- tion achieve a deeper, more meaningful aesthetic.
• wabi: Beauty from subtle imperfection.
• sabi: Beauty that comes with time.
Waist-to-Hip Ratio
A preference for a particular ratio of waist size to hip size in men and women.
• High estrogen level = low ratio.
• High testosterone levels = high ratio.
