Appearance and Anatomy

Question 1

What is Paleontology?

Answer 1

The study of dinosaurs

Question 2

What is a fossil?

Answer 2

Any preserved evidence left behind by prehistoric life

Question 3

What is a feces fossil called?

Answer 3

Coprolites

Question 4

What are adaptations?

Answer 4

Traits that have evolved to serve specific functions

Question 5

What are the functions of bones?

Answer 5

Passive Gravity Resistance, Rigid Framework for muscle attachment, Protection, Store Mineral Reserves

Question 6

What are Vertebrates?

Answer 6

Animals that have skulls and vertebrae

Question 7

What are Vertebrae?

Answer 7

Structures of bone and cartilage that surround the spinal cord and provide support

Question 8

What is the vertebral column?

Answer 8

Interlocking chain of vertebrae

Question 9

What is the counterpart to verterbrates?

Answer 9

Invertebrates

Question 10

What are some examples of invertebrates?

Answer 10

insects, worms, clams, squid

Question 11

What is the brain case?

Answer 11

The large hollow chamber found in skulls, used to house the organism’s brain

Question 12

What are the nares?

Answer 12

Openings in the skull used for olfaction and nostrils

Question 13

What are Orbits?

Answer 13

Openings in the skull for the eyesocket

Question 14

What are the additional opening in the skulls of dinosaurs called?

Answer 14

Fenestrae

Question 15

How many Fenestrae do dinosaurs have?

Answer 15

3 pairs

Question 16

Where are the laterotemporal fenestrae found?

Answer 16

Laterally behind the orbits

Question 17

Where are the supratemporal fenestrae found?

Answer 17

superiorly and behind the orbits

Question 18

Where are the antorbital fenestrae found?

Answer 18

In front of the orbits

Question 19

What is the body of a vertebrae called?

Answer 19

The centrum

Question 20

What does the neural arch protect?

Answer 20

The spinal cord

Question 21

What is the canal in the vertebrae called?

Answer 21

The neural canal

Question 22

What do the vertebral processes do?

Answer 22

Provide attachment surfaces for muscles and articulation for ribs

Question 23

What are the two common vertebral processes?

Answer 23

Transverse Process and spinous process

Question 24

What kinds of vertebrae are there?

Answer 24

Cervical, dorsal, sacral, caudal

Question 25

What is special about the sacral vertebrae?

Answer 25

They are fused together into the sacrum

Question 26

What are Chevrons?

Answer 26

Bones beneath the caudal vertebrae used to protect large blood vessels and nerves for the tail

Question 27

Which vertebrae can support ribs in dinosaurs?

Answer 27

every vertebrae

Question 28

What vertebrae support the rib cage?

Answer 28

The Dorsal Vertebrae

Question 29

What are Gastralia?

Answer 29

Small Ventral Ribs, underneath the full rib cage

Question 30

What are the two limb girdles found in dinosaurs?

Answer 30

Pectoral girdle and pelvic girdle

Question 31

What is the largest contributing bone to the pectoral girdle?

Answer 31

Scapula (Shoulder blade)

Question 32

What bones make up the hips of the dinosaur?

Answer 32

Ilium, pubis and ischium

Question 33

What is the acetabulum?

Answer 33

The hole in the pelvic girdle by which the lower extremities articulate

Question 34

What are the bones of the upper extremity?

Answer 34

Humerus, Radius, Ulna, carpals, metacarpals and phalanges

Question 35

What are the bones of the lower extremity?

Answer 35

Femur, Fibula, Tibia, Metatarsals, and Phalanges

Question 36

How did dinosaurs stand on their hind limbs?

Answer 36

On the toes of their feet

Question 37

What are Saurischian Dinosaurs called?

Answer 37

Lizard hipped dinosaurs

Question 38

What are Ornithischian Dinosaurs called?

Answer 38

Bird-hipped Dinosaurs

Question 39

What is the difference between Ornithischian and Saurischian dinosaurs?

Answer 39

Saurischian Dinosaurs have a forward-facing pubis, Ornithischian Dinosaurs have a backward-facing pubis

Question 40

What types of dinosaurs did birds evolve from?

Answer 40

Theropods, Saurischians

Question 41

What are the two large groups of Saurischians?

Answer 41

Sauropodomorphs and Theropods

Question 42

What are the three main groups of sauropodomorphs?

Answer 42

Sauropomorphs, Prosauropods, Sauropods

Question 43

What are the differences between Sauropods and Theropods?

Answer 43

Sauropods are herbivorous, Theropods are carnivorous, Sauropods are quadrupedal, Theropods are bipedal, Sauropod teeth are simple and peg like, Theropod teeth are serrated and blade like

Question 44

What are the five groups of Ornithischians?

Answer 44

Ornithopods, Pachycephalosaurs, Ceratopsians, Stegosaurs, and Ankylosaurs

Question 45

What types of dinosaurs are ornithopods?

Answer 45

Iguanodonts and hadrosaurs

Question 46

What type of teeth do hadrosaurs have?

Answer 46

Dental Batteries

Question 47

What were characteristics of Pachycephalosaurs?

Answer 47

Bipedal, stout strong tails, domed skulls, backwards facing horns

Question 48

What are characteristics of Ceratopsians?

Answer 48

Large Parrot-Like beaks, Large frill coming off the back of the skull serves almost as a neck protection, may possess dental batteries

Question 49

What are characteristics of Stegosaurs?

Answer 49

Rows of projecting osteoderms and spiked tails, narrow snouts

Question 50

What are characteristics of Ankylosaurs?

Answer 50

Heavily armoured by osteoderms, some have osteoderms on the ends of their tails making them club-like

Question 51

What is integument?

Answer 51

The body covering of a dinosaur

Question 52

Why is it difficult for soft-tissues to be preserved as fossils?

Answer 52

Softer tissues decay faster than harder tissues like bone

Question 53

What are fossils with a lot of skin called?

Answer 53

Mummies

Question 54

What is Keratin?

Answer 54

A tough flexible material that covered the scales of dinosaurs

Question 55

What is Sinosauropteryx?

Answer 55

A small carnivorous dinosaur found in china with preserved feathers, buried under volcanic ash

Question 56

What is the largest known feathered dinosaur?

Answer 56

Yutyrannus

Question 57

How can we determine slightly the colour of dinosaurs?

Answer 57

Through melanosomes in feathered dinosaurs

Question 58

What specimens showed that ornithischians may have had feathers?

Answer 58

Psittacosaurus, Tianyulong, kulindadromeus

Question 59

How can we deduce muscles in dinosaurs?

Answer 59

By looking at attachment sites on the bones of the dinosaur

Question 60

What was Scipionyx special for?

Answer 60

Being the most intact fossil to date with part of the trachea preserved as well as possibly remains of the heart