Appendicitis

Question 1

Definition

Answer 1

A medical condition in which the appendix, a small, finger-shaped organ attached to the large intestine, becomes inflamed and swollen. If left untreated, the appendix may rupture, leading to serious complications.

Question 2

Aetiology/ causes

Answer 2

The exact cause of appendicitis is not known, but it is believed to result from a blockage in the appendix, usually caused by fecal matter or a foreign body. This blockage can lead to inflammation and infection of the appendix.

Question 3

Risk factors

Answer 3

Family history of appendicitis

Certain medical conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease

Obesity
A diet high in refined carbohydrates and low in fibre

Question 4

Epidemiology/ Population affected

Answer 4

Appendicitis is a common condition that affects approximately 7% of the population.

It is more common in developed countries, and its incidence peaks in the second and third decades of life.

Most common in people between the ages of 10 and 30

Gender: more common in males

Question 5

Clinical presentation

Answer 5

Abdominal pain, usually starting near the navel and then moving to the lower right side of the abdomen

Loss of appetite
Nausea and vomiting
Constipation or diarrohea
Fever
Abdominal bloating
Inability to pass gas
Painful urination

Rebound tenderness, which is pain that is felt when pressure is released from the lower right side of the abdomen

Question 6

Prognosis

Answer 6

The prognosis for appendicitis is generally good, especially if the condition is diagnosed and treated promptly.

However, if the appendix ruptures, it can lead to serious complications, such as peritonitis, abscess formation, and sepsis.

Question 7

DDX

Answer 7

Gastroenteritis
Urinary tract infection
Ectopic pregnancy
Ovarian cyst
Kidney stones
Diverticulitis
Inflammatory bowel disease
Acute pancreatitis