Appendicular skeleton

Question 1

The radius would be considered as what type of fracture?

Answer 1

epiphyseal

Question 2

The Tibia and Fibula could be considered as what type of fracture?

Answer 2

Diaphseal

Question 3

Which type of connective tissue connects the bones?

Answer 3

Ligaments (dense)

Question 4

Which bones produce blood cells?

Answer 4

Flat bones of the skull,pelvic,spine

Question 5

What process did Ruth’s tibia,fibula, and radius form and develop prior to birth?

Answer 5

Endochondral ossification

Question 6

Define Hyaline cartilage

Answer 6

a translucent bluish-white type of cartilage present in the joints, the respiratory tract, and the immature skeleton.

Question 7

Would a epiphyseal line or epiphyseal plate show up better in an x-ray in an older adult?

Answer 7

Epiphyseal line

Question 8

Name the type of bone cell that is abnormally over-active.

Answer 8

Osteoclast

Question 9

How does the activity of the above cells affect blood calcium levels?

Answer 9

It would make it increase.

Question 10

How does the parathryoid horomone affect blood calcium levels (increase/decrease)?

Answer 10

Increase

Question 11

Was Ruths blood calicuim levels abnormally high or low?

Answer 11

High

Question 12

What symptoms was Ruth experiencing that would be Directly related to her abnormal blood calcium levels?

Answer 12

Muscle weakness

Question 13

Before her surgery would taking vitamin D supplements most likley improve or worsen Ruth’s symptoms?

Answer 13

Worsen, Her blood calcium levels are already high and vitamin D enhances calcium absorption into the blood from the digestive tract.

Question 14

What type of exercise regime does Ruth do daily and has this helped or harmed her bone’s?

Answer 14

Walking, it helps by (weight bearing exercise stimulates osteoblasts activity.)

Question 15

Define hematoma

Answer 15

Blood pooling

Question 16

When cartilage forms between the broken bones is called a

Answer 16

Internal callus

Question 17

Infants are born with over 300 bones but adults only have about 206. what happens to the missing bones?

Answer 17

Some bones such as Frontal,pelvic,coccyx bones fuse together

Question 18

If an adult has more than 206 bones, name two types of bones that could lead to the increase in number?

Answer 18

Sutural (womian) and sesamoid bones

Question 19

osteoblasts make the bone…

Answer 19

Bigger and stronger

Question 20

Osteoclasts make the bone…

Answer 20

thinner and weaker

Question 21

Bones that are felixible and can not bear weight are lacking…

Answer 21

Calcium (osteoblasts) compounds

Question 22

What vital process is being restored during a bone marrow transplant?

Answer 22

Production of blood cells

Question 23

Billy is in a car accident and is hemmorrhaging,
how does this effect his yellow bone marrow

Answer 23

It will decrease

Question 24

What happens when the yellow bone marrow decreases

Answer 24

the yellow bone marrow is converted into red bone marrow

Question 25

Tendons and ligaments attach to which membrane associated with long bones? (Endosteum or periosteum)

Answer 25

Periosteum

Question 26

A tissue sample from a long bone shows trabeculae and bone marrow, where was this sample taken from

Answer 26

Epiphyis, the ends of bone are filled with spongy bone that is made up of trabeculae and contains bone marrow

Question 27

What do bones begin as

Answer 27

Cartilage and fibrous connective tissue

Question 28

Growth hormone stimulates the chondrocytes in epiphyseal plates to go through what cellular process?

Answer 28

mitosis (cell division)

Question 29

ten year old becky fractured her left femur, the break occurred at the junction of the epiphysis and diaphysis. Did the fracture occur at an epiphyseal plate or line

Answer 29

epiphyseal plate

Question 30

As an adult will beckys left femur likley be longer or shorter than her right femur?

Answer 30

Shorter, since the growth plate in her left femur was damaged

Question 31

If a 12yr old had an adrenal tumor causing a large amount of estrogen to be secreated will it stimulate or inhibit bone growth?

Answer 31

Stimulate

Question 32

By the time the 12yr old is 20 will she be shorter or taller

Answer 32

shorter, estrogen stimutales an initial growth spurt

Question 33

Why does walking help the elderly

Answer 33

It stimulates osteoblasts

Question 34

What does walking strengthen

Answer 34

mainly the leg bones and spine

Question 35

How would and intravenous calcium injection affect PTH secrection from the prarthyroid glands-increase or decrease?

Answer 35

Decrease, higher blood calcium levels= less PTH is secreted due to negative feedback

Question 36

The parathyroid glands regulate blood calcium levels through which type of feedback loop?

Answer 36

Negative Feedback

Question 37

An anatomy instructor asks two students to predicts a patients response to chronic vitamin D deficiency? A. Hypocalcemia (low blood calcium) B.It would remain within the normal range,although it would be at the low end.

Answer 37

B.(althought vitamin D is needed for calcium absorption PTH would help decrease blood calcium levels by stimulating osteclast activity- which breaks down bone matrix to release CA+2 into the blood