appendicular skeleton

Question 1

What is the primary function of the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 1

Movement

Question 2

What bones are included in the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 2

Bones of the upper and lower limbs

Question 3

What is the role of girdles in the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 3

Attach the limbs to the axial skeleton

Question 4

What does the pectoral girdle attach?

Answer 4

Upper limbs to the trunk

Question 5

What does the pelvic girdle attach?

Answer 5

Lower limbs to the trunk

Question 6

How do the upper and lower limbs differ?

Answer 6

They differ in function but share the same structural plan

Question 7

What bones make up the pectoral girdle?

Answer 7

Clavicle and scapula

Question 8

True or False: The pectoral girdle completely encircles the body.

Answer 8

False

Question 9

Where does the medial end of each clavicle articulate?

Answer 9

With the manubrium and first rib

Question 10

What is the significance of the socket of the shoulder joint?

Answer 10

Glenoid cavity is shallow, providing flexibility at the cost of stability

Question 11

What are the three borders of the scapula?

Answer 11

• Superior
• Medial (vertebral)
• Lateral (axillary)

Question 12

How many bones form each upper limb?

Answer 12

30 bones

Question 13

What are the three main segments of the upper limb?

Answer 13

• Arm
• Forearm
• Hand

Question 14

What is the only bone of the arm?

Answer 14

Humerus

Question 15

What is the role of the ulna?

Answer 15

Main bone responsible for forming the elbow joint with the humerus

Question 16

What bones make up the forearm?

Answer 16

• Radius
• Ulna

Question 17

What is the function of the interosseous membrane?

Answer 17

Interconnects radius and ulna

Question 18

What are the three parts of the hand?

Answer 18

• Carpus
• Metacarpals
• Phalanges

Question 19

What is the arrangement of carpal bones?

Answer 19

• Proximal row: Scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, pisiform
• Distal row: Trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

Question 20

What is the role of the pelvic girdle?

Answer 20

Attaches lower limbs to the spine and supports visceral organs

Question 21

What is the acetabulum?

Answer 21

A deep cup that holds the head of the femur

Question 22

What are the three separate bones that make up the coxal bones in childhood?

Answer 22

• Ilium
• Ischium
• Pubis

Question 23

What is the major difference between male and female pelves?

Answer 23

Female pelvis is adapted for childbearing and is lighter, wider, and shallower

Question 24

What is the longest and strongest bone of the body?

Answer 24

Femur

Question 25

What bones make up the leg?

Answer 25

* Tibia * Fibula

Question 26

What is the function of the foot?

Answer 26

Supports body weight and acts as a lever to propel body forward

Question 27

What are the three important arches of the foot?

Answer 27

* Medial longitudinal arch * Lateral longitudinal arch * Transverse arch

Question 28

What are the two regions that divide the bony pelvis?

Answer 28

* False (greater) pelvis * True (lesser) pelvis

Question 29

What is the role of the patella?

Answer 29

Protects the knee anteriorly and improves leverage of the thigh muscles

Question 30

What is the main function of the tibia?

Answer 30

Receives weight of the body from the femur

Question 31

Fill in the blank: The foot is composed of the ________, metatarsus, and the phalanges.

Answer 31

Tarsus

Question 32

True or False: The fibula contributes to the knee joint.

Answer 32

False

Question 33

What are the two main types of arches in the foot?

Answer 33

Longitudinal arch and Transverse arch ## Footnote The longitudinal arch runs along the length of the foot, while the transverse arch runs across it.

Question 34

What maintains the arches of the foot?

Answer 34

Interlocking shapes of tarsals, Ligaments and tendons ## Footnote These structures work together to provide stability and support to the arches.

Question 35

What is a common disorder of the appendicular skeleton characterized by the head of the femur slipping out of the acetabulum?

Answer 35

Hip dysplasia ## Footnote This condition can lead to joint instability and pain.

Question 36

What is the term for the condition where the soles of the feet turn medially?

Answer 36

Clubfoot ## Footnote This is a congenital deformity that affects the shape and position of the foot.

Question 37

How does the growth of the appendicular skeleton affect body proportions?

Answer 37

Increases height and changes body proportions ## Footnote The upper-lower body ratio changes with age.

Question 38

At birth, how does the length of the head and trunk compare to the lower limbs?

Answer 38

1.5 times as long ## Footnote This indicates that infants have proportionally larger heads compared to their lower limbs.

Question 39

What happens to the upper-lower body ratio by age 10?

Answer 39

It becomes 1 to 1 ## Footnote This reflects the growth patterns as children develop.

Question 40

What significant changes occur in the adult skeleton during middle age?

Answer 40

Skeleton loses mass ## Footnote This leads to increased risks of osteoporosis and limb fractures.

Question 41

True or False: Few changes occur in the adult skeleton until middle age.

Answer 41

True ## Footnote Most adults maintain a relatively stable skeletal structure until later in life.