Appendicular Skeleton

Question 1

1 - Structure and articulation

Bone Name

Answer 1

Bone name: Clavicles (pl) or Clavicle (s) -There are two of these “collar bones”.

1) Sternal end-articulates with theSTERNUM

Attributes: More blunt end, shaped like a pyramid

2) Acromial end- articultaes with the ACROMIAN PROCESS OF THE SCAPULA

Attributes: more flattened than the sternal end

Question 2

3- Structure

Name bone

Answer 2

3- Spine- fin-like projections run across the entire posterior side of the bone

Bone name: Scaplua (s), or scapulae (pl)- These are the “shoulder bones”.

Question 3

6- Structure and articulation

Bone

Answer 3

6- Head- articulates with the glenoid fossa of the scapula

Bone - Humeri (pl) or Humerus (s) - These are the upper arm bones.

Attributes: Smooth, spherical projection

Attributes: This depression is in the posterior side of the distal end of the bone. It is for reception of the “elbow”

Attributes: spool shaped

Attributes: rounded process just to the side of the trochlea.

Question 4

10- Structure and Atriculation

Bone name

Answer 4

10- Head- Articulates both with the capitulum of the humerus and laterally with the ulna

Bone name - Radii (pl) or Radius (s)- In anatomical position, these are the lateral forearm bones.

Attributes: Proximal end and is flat and round. Think: Half of a circle’s diameter is a RADIUS

Attributes: This lateral projection from the distal end is the bump which can be felt on your arm just before the wrist.

Question 5

12- Structure

Bone Name

Answer 5

12- Olecranon- This is the knob-like projection of the proximal end; the “elbow”.

Bone Name- Ulnae (singular is ulna) - These are the medial forearm bones.

Attributes: lateral smooth structure

Attributes: “crescent moon” structure

Question 6

16- Structure

Answer 6

16- Carpals – There are 8 of these wrist bones

Question 7

18- Structure

Bone Name

Answer 7

18- Proximal – Each of the five digits will have this as the one which articulates with its respective metacarpal

Bone Name- phalanges (singular is phalanx) – There are a total of 14 of these “finger bones”.

Note: when naming a phalanx, you should include location (proximal, middle, distal) and number (1-5). For example, “the middle phalanx of the 4th digit” or the “distal phalanx of the 2nd digit”, etc.

Question 8

21- Structure

Bone name

Answer 8

23- Ischium – generally the inferior and posterior pelvic region

Hip (coxal) bones – Two of these complicated bones comprise the pelvic girdle.

#21- **Ilium** – the most superior region articulates with the sacrum
#22- **Sciatic notch** – This is the very large notch in the posterior, inferior pelvic border. The sciatic nerve (the longest nerve in the body) passes through this notch.

#24- **P****ubis** – inferior and anterior pelvic region
#25- **Pubic symphysis** –the surface where the right and left pubic bones join

It is not associated with any one of the three pelvic regions

Question 9

27- Structure and articulation

Bone name

Answer 9

27- Head – articulates with the acetabulum of the coxal bone (hip)

Bone name: Femurs – the thigh bones

Attributes- rounded knob-like projection from the distal end. Same side as greater trochanter

Attributes: same as the lateral but positioned medially; Note: You must orient your bone (right or left) before you can determine which condyle is lateral & which
is medial]

Attributes: This is a smooth, shallow fossa on the anterior side

Question 10

32- Bone name and articulation

Answer 10

32- Patellae (singular is patella) – “kneecaps”

Articulates with the patellar surface of femur

Question 11

33- Structure and articulation

Bone name

Answer 11

Bone Name: Tibiae (singular is tibia) – “shin bones”

33- Lateral condyle - Articulates with the lateral condyle of the femer and head of the fibula.

Attributes: outer smooth rounded half of the proximal end

34. Medial condyle - Articulates with the medial condyle of the femur

Attributes: Inner half of the proximal end

35. Medial malleolus – Articulates with the talus of the ankle

Attributes: This distal projection forms the inner ankle

Question 12

36- Structure and articulation

Bone name

Answer 12

36- Head – Articulates with the lateral condyle of the of the tibia

Bone Name: fibulae (singular is fibula) – the thinner, more lateral bone of the lower leg

Attributes: Distal projection forms the outer ankle.

Question 13

38-Bone name

Answer 13

#38- Bone Name: Tarsals – These 7 bones are equivalent to the carpals

#39- Talus - articulates with both the lateral malleolus of the fibula and medial malleolus of the tibia.

Attributes: Most superior tarsal bone

#40- Calcaneus – “heel bone”; the largest and strongest tarsal

Question 14

41- Bone name

Answer 14

41- Metatarsals

Equivalent to the metacarpals.

Question 15

42- Bone name

Answer 15

43- Proximal

#42- **Phalanges** (singular is phalanx) – there are fourteen, just as in the hand; remember to give location &
number