Appendix A Flashcards
(98 cards)
1
Q
Phylum in which man is classified
A
Chordata
2
Q
Subphylum in which man is classified
A
Vertebrata
3
Q
Class in which man is classified
A
Mammalia
4
Q
Order in which man is classified
A
Primate
5
Q
Proper way to write the genus and species of man
A
Homo sapiens
6
Q
The anterior and intermediate portions of the pituitary gland
A
Adenohypophysis
7
Q
The posterior pituitary or “pars nervosa”
A
Neurohypophysis
8
Q
Pituitary gland (entire structure)
A
Hypophysis Cerebri
9
Q
Pineal gland (body)
A
Epiphysis Cerebri
10
Q
The name given the developing human prior to the end of the second month of gestation
A
Embryo
11
Q
Name applied to the developing human after the second month through parturition (birth)
A
Fetus
12
Q
The newborn infant (at this point, we prefer calling them, Fred, Sally, etc.)
A
Neonate
13
Q
Notched or toothlike
A
Dentate
14
Q
Arranged like an arch
A
Arcuate
15
Q
A groove or streak-like formation
A
Striae (straital)
16
Q
Means straight
A
Rectus
17
Q
Net-like
A
Reticular
18
Q
A relatively deep groove (infolding)
A
Fissure
19
Q
A relatively shallow groove (infolding)
A
Sulcus
20
Q
Tortuous convulsion. Usually found between sulci or/and fissures of the cerebrum
A
Gyrus
21
Q
Small page-like gyri of the cerebellum
A
Folia
22
Q
As used in neurology, a cluster or group of neuron cell bodies located within the CNS
A
Nuclei
23
Q
A cluster or group of neuron cell bodies within the PNS (a few exceptions to exist within the CNS)
A
Ganglia
24
Q
A nerve cell
A
Neuron
25
Used synonymously with the cell body (soma) of the neuron
Perikaryon
26
The process of a neuron which carries the impulses away from the cell body (perikaryon)
Axon
27
A small prominence or elevation
Hillock
28
A process (often several) of a neuron which carries a charge or impulse toward the cell body
Dendrite
29
If a neuron has a dominantly, long process (dendrite or axon) that process can be called a..
Fiber
30
These are the whitish, appearing PNS structures filled with neuron fibers, which innervate the body’s parts
Nerve
31
Literally means a branch. In neurology we can call the major branches off the spinal nerve trunks the white _____, gray _____, dorsal _____, ventral _____, etc.
Ramus
32
Name often applied to the outer plasma membrane (plasmalemma) of an axon
Axolemma
33
A covering around a neuron fiber created by a surrounding cell (it may or may not be myelinated)
Neurilemma
34
Passageway created by the continuous nature of vertebral foramina
Vertebral Canal (Neural Canal)
35
A tiny channel found within the spinal cord and inferior medulla oblongata
Central Canal
36
Passageway, eg - Cerebral Aqueduct (of Sylvius)
Aqueduct
37
Thin membrane. Collective term for the arachnoid matter and pia matter
Leptomeninx
38
Thick membrane. Used synonymously with the dura matter
Pachymeninx
39
To sense the body
Somesthetic
40
A specific sensory entity, such as gustatory (taste), olfaction (smell), pain, etc.
Modality
41
The modality of subconscious awareness of body position and muscle movement
Propioception
42
The modality of conscious awareness of body position and muscle movement
Kinesthesia
43
The releasing of adrenaline-like (norepinephrine included) molecules at a target site
Adrenergic
44
The releasing of choline-like (acetylcholine) molecules at a target site
Cholinergic
45
A crossing - usually relating to the crossing of optic fibers
Chiasma
46
A crossing - used more liberally to indicate crossing of fibers and tracts in the CNS
Decussation
47
The opposite side
Contralateral
48
On the same side
Ipsilateral
49
Going forward. In neurology often refers to going away from the neuron cell body
Anterograde
50
Going backward. In neurology often refers to going back towards the cell body
Retrograde
51
Traveling away from. Used often as a suffix
Fugal
52
Any type of injury, damage, or “hurt” that can be a…
Lesion
53
Lesion of the spinal cord (rarely used for entire CNS)
Myelopathy
54
Deadness. Death of cells or tissue
Necrosis
55
An new abnormal growth
Neoplasm
56
Transferring to other tissue
Metastatic
57
Generally used to mean something of unknown cause
Idiopathic
58
Means to suppress blood supply to an area. This results in abnormal function and may lead to necrosis
Ischemia
59
An accumulation of blood outside the blood vessels
Hematoma
60
An abnormal dilation of a blood vessel wall and its lumen (forms a blood containing sac)
Aneurysm
61
Blood vascular loss in the CNS leading to permanent or prolonged brain damage (cerebrovascular accident)
Stroke
62
X-ray of blood vessels injected with radiopaque dyes
Angiography
63
X-ray of vertebral canal and spinal cord structures following injection of radiopaque dyes into the CSF
Myelography
64
General term for irregularity in skeletal muscle coordination
Ataxia
65
Total or partial loss of normal motor function
Paralysis
66
Inability to communicate by speech, writing, or signs
Aphasia
67
A partial or unusual loss of communicative ability
Dysphasia
68
Prefix meaning beginning or original
Archi
69
Prefix meaning “old” - similar to but not used interchangeably with our “Archi” in the CNS
Paleo
70
Prefix meaning “new” - usually in contrast to Archi or Paleo
Neo
71
Horses’ Tail
Cauda Equina
72
Headache
Cephalgia (or cephalalgia)
73
Horn-like projection
Cornu
74
Leg or leg-like
Crus
75
The pattern of cell arrangements
Cytoarchitecture
76
Sickle-shaped
Falx
77
Window-like
Fenestra
78
Opening
Foramen
79
Literally means “glue-like”
Glial
80
A metric system unit of length. The word means “small” and is measured at 1×10^-6 meters
Micron
81
Means lid or covering
Operculum
82
To “cloak”. Used synonymously with “cortex”
Pallium
83
Bridge. Located between the M.O. and the midbrain (a subdivision of the brain stem)
Pons
84
BBB stands for
Blood brain barrier
85
CSF stands for
Cerebrospinal fluid
86
CVA stands for
Cerebrovascular Accident
87
TIA stands for
Transient Ischemic Attach (often precedes the the CVA) or RIND reversible ischemic neurological deficit
88
DRG stands for
Dorsal root ganglia
89
IVF stands for
Intervertebral foramen (opening through which the spinal nerve emerges from the vertebral canal)
90
EEG stands for
Electroencephalogram (graph). Record and instrument used to pick up brain waves
91
CAT stands for
Computerized Axial Tomography device (employs X-rays and is widely used)
92
MRI stands for
Magnetic resonance imaging (utilizes large magnets which rearrange hydrogen molecules)
93
PET stands for
Positron emission tomography device (device using radioactively labeled compounds for functional analysis)
94
M.O. stands for
Medulla Oblangata
95
M.S. stands for
Multiple Sclerosis
96
ALS stands for
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Lou Gehrigh’s Disease)
97
GABA stands for
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid. An amino acid which is a common inhibitory CNS neurotransmitter
98
ACH stands for
Acetylcholine (First neurotransmitter identified - widespread in CNS and PNS)
